Shakyamuni Buddha Recitation  
53

NEGATIVE :

1- Cultivation [1] classics:

The First Sutra of Classics at Ràjagaha (-544) [2]

Less than a month after the Buddha's nirvana, in the 10th year of King Ajatasattu's reign, Venerable Mahá Kassapa decided to convene the congregation  of masters of the Rajagaha capital to meditate on all Sutta , Sutra and vinaya of the Buddha taught. The congress consists of 500 true and true masters (Arahants) chosen in the Bhikshuni Order. The congress will kick off at the start of the coming season, the 46th, 544 BC, and will last six months in the Sattapanna cave on Mount Vaibhara. This cave is also called Pippali-guha because it has a Pippala tree, which has great affinity with Mahà Kassapa (real name Pippalayana). The Congress was sponsored by King Ajatasattu himself.

Maha Kassapa Venerable often the mendicants in respect congregation as disciples of Buddha Tuesday, after two Venerable Sariputta and Mahamoggallana died. Venerable famous as a monk "head-momentum", like living simple, meager, less educated. Venerable monks have been trusted and loved by the Buddha unlike the Venerables Sariputta and Moggallana. More than twenty years ago, the vajrayana of the Venerable was a coatskin, wrapped in rags of cloth. Once the Venerable has arranged the shirt and spread out in the forest inviting the Buddha sitting. Buddha praised the shirt of the gentle sitting very quiet. The monk immediately offered to give the Buddha a medallion. The Buddha smiled and accepted the words and gave him his own sanghati shirt. In the public everyone knows this.

Everyone thinks that the presence of  Venerable Ānanda in the congregation of scriptures is necessary . But before the three-day conference, Ven. Ananda was rebuked by Venerable Mahà Kassapa and said that Ven. Ananda would not attend the congress due to the fact that he had not attained Arahantship. Venerable ànnanda sad tears, he found a quiet place quiet for three days and nights. On the last night before the opening of the meeting, Venerable ânnanda sat meditated until three o'clock in the morning, resting his back to rest, his back not touching the ground, he achieved enlightenment, attained Arahant ( Tripitaka, Little Book, vol. 2: 617). That morning, while seeing the face of Ven. Ananda, Venerable Mahà Kassapa was very happy to know what had happened and invited him to attend the congress.

During the  convention , the Vajrayana , well known for its jurisprudence , was invited to recite the precepts. You read over and over again 80 times for everyone to memorize. Thanks to the questions directed by Venerable Maha Kassapa, the Vaisali Upàli recall all the causes and conditions so that the precepts are established. All the material of the precepts is compiled into a legal treasure called  the Vinaya Pitaka.

Venerable Ānanda , who is famous for listening to the sermon of many sermons and long memory, was invited by the Congress to coincide with all the Dharma talk of the Buddha called business. Thanks to the questions directed by Venerable Maha Kassapa, the Venerable Ānanda has the opportunity to speak out all the details of time, places and conditions that have led to every Dharma spoken by the Buddha. In the end,  Ananda asked the public to repent of his faults as follows [1] : 1 - Before the annihilation, the Buddha told Ananda to allow the Church to cancel or revise unimportant precepts. ; But Ānanda forgot to ask what precepts were not important; Therefore, the Congress decided to keep the rules. 2- Ananda, once inadvertently step on the rain bath of the Buddha before sewing. When the Buddha passed away, Ānanda had inadvertently left the bhikkhunis before the Buddha, crying tears on the Buddha's body. 4- While washing the Buddha's body needles, Ananda forgets to pull the veil, so many people see. 5- In time, the Buddha's presence in the long term. 6- Asked the Buddha for women to enter the family although Ananda does not feel regret about this. All the Dhamma documents are rebuilt into a treasure-house of Dhamma called the Sutta Pitaka, which consists of four sets: the Dìgha nikàya, the Majjhima nikàya, the Samyutta nikàya, And Anguttara nikàya. 6- Asked the Buddha for women to enter the family although Ananda does not feel regret about this. All the Dhamma documents are rebuilt into a treasure-house of Dhamma called the Sutta Pitaka, which consists of four sets: the Dìgha nikàya, the Majjhima nikàya, the Samyutta nikàya, And Anguttara nikàya. 6- Asked the Buddha for women to enter the family although Ananda does not feel regret about this. All the Dhamma documents are rebuilt into a treasure-house of Dhamma called the Sutta Pitaka, which consists of four sets: the Dìgha nikàya, the Majjhima nikàya, the Samyutta nikàya, And Anguttara nikàya.

Next  , Venerable Mahà Kassapa was invited to re-lecture the Buddha's teachings on the Abhidhamma (Abhidhamma). All these documents are sublime teachings about compiler into  Abhidhamma (Abhidhamma Pitaka) [4] .

From here, although not written, the teachings of the Buddha were first synthesized into the Tri-Pitaka (Tipitaka), including the Sutta Pitaka, the Vinaya Pitaka and Abhidhamma pitaka, repeatedly read  in Pali Magadha for everyone in the session, remember.

The second edition of the sutras in Vesali (year -444) [5]

One hundred years after the Buddha entered nirvana, at King Kalasoka in Magadha, 700're Arhat attend the meeting due to  the Venerable Yasa (Yasa) convened  at the monastery Valika in Vesali , chaired the  Venerable Revata , to consider proposed amendments to 10 laws of monks Vajjiputta group [6] . Cause when the Venerable Yasa, the son of Kakandaka, attended the Uposatha ceremony in Vesali, found that many laymen offered money to the mendicants; Yasa protested against this. The ten new laws of the Vajjiputta group are:

1-level  palate : Allow salt crab into food to use the other day.

2.  Second only net : During the period from the time the sun stood sun ball until the ball moved two fingers, still allowed to eat.

3-  Fulfillment : After being in a congregation, be allowed to live in another congregation.

4-  Abode : A monk in a parish does not have to be in the same place.

5.  Optionally purification : When we meet monks discuss treatment decisions, although the number of monks and nuns attend not enough, but if the predicted number of people absent consent, still be allowed up-ma [7] .

6-  Department of Net : Depending on the previous.

7-  Sanh pure harmony : After eating it, still allowed to drink cow's milk not stirred (yoghurt), except on the surface scum.

8  -Soda-long-cholera : Is allowed to drink coconut juice (juice) is not fermented (soap-drink), or half fermented (wine).

9 -  The coast net coordinates : May coordinates are allowed out of the border, and small arbitrary.

10-  Kim net : Allowed to receive money offerings.

Due to the disagreement over the proposed amendment, the Sangha from here was divided into two sects:

Venerable Ministry (Sthaviravada), conservatives, including senior monks, established Theravada, also called  Theravada Buddhist (Theravada), by Venerable Yasa (Yasa) representative. Vasa the ten above is the "Phap Phi Phap", do not match the status of the Buddha. The Venerable Ministry intends to keep intact the precepts and how to practice as Buddha remained in the world.

Mahasanghikas (Mahasangika), radical, including the young monks, founded Mahayana, also known as  Mahayana Buddhism  (Mahayana), due Vajjiputta monks in Vesali group representatives. The Mahasanghikas, based on the teachings of the Buddha, allow for the modification of unimportant precepts, the advocacy of new social circumstances and local custom.

During the second period of the Sutta Pitaka, supplemented by the sutras left in the first period, the Khuddaka Nikàya.

The third scripture in Pātaliputta (year -252)

At Patalliputta now Patna, 292 years after the Buddha's nirvana, there are 1000 Arahants attending the third sutras under the presidency of  Moggaliputta Tissa . By  Asoka ( Asoka , -304 / -232) convened. Purpose meeting this period is to consolidate Triple Gem according  Venerable Ministry , supplements the experience lacking in Sub Department (Khuddaka nikāya), eliminating the bad elements far in increased opportunity, dispatched have The ability to go to neighboring countries to spread the Dharma.

After this period, King Asoka was visited by the master Moggaliputta Tissa to visit the Buddhas, where each of the kings built memorial stone pillars; Asoka's son,  Venerable Mahānda, brought the Dharma to Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka). Here Mahatma again held the meeting and re-read the third draft at Patalliputta. Over the following year,  Sanghamitta , the daughter of King Asoka, had a branch extracted from a southern branch of the Mahabodhi tree where the Buddha attained enlightenment, and planted at Anuradhapura, the capital of Sri Lanka, during the reign of King  Devanampiya Tissa . Still fresh. At the same time, Sanghamitta was also the first founder of this homeland.

Cultivating the Fourth Sutras, of the Mahayana at Aluvihara (year -200)

At  Aluvihara [8] , Sri Lanka (Ceylon), under the Movement king  Vattagamani Abhaya , in the temple Maha Vihara by  Venerable Mahinda , son of King Asoka, distilled in the cave in the 3rd century BC, in the presence Of the 500 Sri Lankan monks. The conference decided to  write the Pali Canon in Pali leaf (thyme leaf, nipa leaf, talipot, Corypha umbraculifera) and added a note in Sinhala. In the book Buddhaghasuppatti, on the biography of Buddhaghosa, it is stated that if the substance of the Tripitaka on the leaves is bigger than six elephants. In terms of volume, the three Tibetan Buddhist scriptures are eleven times the sacred scripture of Christianity.

In 450 ,  Buddhaghosa organized another period of Buddhist scriptures in order to revive some disagreements between the Pali Magadha scriptures and the Sri Lanka Pali texts.

Cultivating the fourth sutras, the Mahayana at Kudalavana (year -200)

In the Kudalavana capital  of Kasmira [9] (Cachemire, Ke Tan), convened by King  Kaniska to  record the Sanskrit Tripitaka , the root language of Brahmanism , Annotations and Commentaries. States Buddhist Council was put under the presidency of the  Organization Asvaghosa [10] (Ma Ming), the 12th Patriarch Mahayana Tripitaka first, written in Sanscrit, including the  Tripitaka Upadesa (Luan Advantages Thread-amnesty-three-, carambola texts conference) 100,000 prose, followed by  Vinaya Vinaya Vibhasa (Luan Pi-Pi-skin complaints-she-far) 100,000 prose, eventual  organ Abhidharma Vibhasa Luan (Luan A-Pi-ma-ma-ma-sa) contains 100,000 chant. All three organs have 9,600. 000 words. King Kaniska carved all the bronze boards and rolled them in a bun and built a tower to worship .

From here, the North Teachings of the North were first praised by the Patriarchs in India and then passed on to Tibet and China. Mahayana texts are increasingly abundant and widely spread in the mass. Nālanda Buddhist University, from the second century BC to the late eighth century AD, is well-known for its Mahayana teachings. In the seventh century, Hsuan - Tsang himself  came to this place to study with  Sīlabhadra , then Sīlabhadra invited Hsuan - Tsang to teach for two years before returning to China. During this time, the king Kumara (Kumarajiva) organized a conference about contemporary Mahayana doctrine and invited presentations Xuanzang topic  Chan Idealism . Xuanzang has persuaded the 7. 000 monks present at the conference and make the Mahayana teachings even more brilliant. In 645, Xuanzang returned to China with 657 Sanskrit sutras (Sanskrit). For the remaining 19 years, Hsuan - Tsang translated 75 sets, including 1,335 volumes of Mahayana sutras. Since then, China has established the Mahayana Buddhist Canon of Buddhism and has been renovating it to this day. Apart from the Chinese Tripitaka, there are also the Tibetan Tripitaka and the Tripitaka of Japan. But the Chinese Tripitaka is considered to be the most complete of the Tripitaka of Buddhist Mahayana. Meanwhile in India, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the University of Nàlanda as well as most Buddhist establishments and texts were destroyed by Islam. Xuanzang arrived in China with 657 Sanskrit sutras (Sanskrit). For the remaining 19 years, Hsuan - Tsang translated 75 sets, including 1,335 volumes of Mahayana sutras. Since then, China has established the Mahayana Buddhist Canon of Buddhism and has been renovating it to this day. Apart from the Chinese Tripitaka, there are also the Tibetan Tripitaka and the Tripitaka of Japan. But the Chinese Tripitaka is considered to be the most complete of the Tripitaka of Buddhist Mahayana. Meanwhile in India, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the University of Nàlanda as well as most Buddhist establishments and texts were destroyed by Islam. Xuanzang arrived in China with 657 Sanskrit sutras (Sanskrit). For the remaining 19 years, Hsuan - Tsang translated 75 sets, including 1,335 volumes of Mahayana sutras. Since then, China has established the Mahayana Buddhist Canon of Buddhism and has been renovating it to this day. Apart from the Chinese Tripitaka, there are also the Tibetan Tripitaka and the Tripitaka of Japan. But the Chinese Tripitaka is considered to be the most complete of the Tripitaka of Buddhist Mahayana. Meanwhile in India, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the University of Nàlanda as well as most Buddhist establishments and texts were destroyed by Islam. Since then, China has established the Mahayana Buddhist Canon of Buddhism and has been renovating it to this day. Apart from the Chinese Tripitaka, there are also the Tibetan Tripitaka and the Tripitaka of Japan. But the Chinese Tripitaka is considered to be the most complete of the Tripitaka of Buddhist Mahayana. Meanwhile in India, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the University of Nàlanda as well as most Buddhist establishments and texts were destroyed by Islam. Since then, China has established the Mahayana Buddhist Canon of Buddhism and has been renovating it to this day. Apart from the Chinese Tripitaka, there are also the Tibetan Tripitaka and the Tripitaka of Japan. But the Chinese Tripitaka is considered to be the most complete of the Tripitaka of Buddhist Mahayana. Meanwhile in India, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the University of Nàlanda as well as most Buddhist establishments and texts were destroyed by Islam.

Burmese scriptures in Mandalay, Burma (1871)

As  King Mindon summoned 2400 Burmese monks, took the main law, matched the homage in the original text for the correction, together to complete the five months to complete. The king carved the entire new Pali Tipitaka on 729 black marble black marble stelae, set up in the Kuthadaw temple pagoda, at the foot of Mount Mandalay , outside with 45 Buddha stupa surrounding . Currently still.

Convocation of the Theravada sutras in Rangoon, Burma (1954)

On the occasion of the Buddha's Birthday on May 17, 1954, with the help of the government, at the same time as the Third World Congress of the World Buddhist Sangha in Rangoon , This Friday for the purpose of uniting Buddhists, reviving the Venerable Siddhartha, celebrating Burma's independence. The site of the harvest is  on the hillside of Nghe Co, in the northern suburbs of Rangoon .

This time he collected over 729 marble slabs of the fifth compilation, and compared it with all of the Pali Text Society's wooden boards in Britain, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia and Burma. During this period, monks in the countries of Theravada Buddhism were invited. For two years, the Buddha's birthday in 1956 (Buddhist calendar 2500) was completed. All printed on paper . END=NAM MO AMITABHA BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH GIAC TAM.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN AMITABHA PURELAND=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.14/5/2017.