A- Introduction
M ot day, the Buddha was staying at Kosambi in simsapa woods, he picked up a few leaves simsapa bring up questions: «Hey monks , of what he thought? Is the simsàpa in my hand much or in the forest simsàpa much?
« The Blessed One , the leaves in the hands of the Blessed One are too few, and the leaves in the forest of simsàpa are too many." The Buddha says: "So, bhikkhus , what I know is too much, but what I teach you is very little; But that is what is necessary and fundamental to deliverance . What have I taught you? Is «This is suffering«, «This is Suffering«, «This is the Cessation of Suffering«, «This is the path leading to the Cessation of Suffering" ( Samyutta V) .
The Four Senses teachings are the foundation of the Buddhist teaching system . Immediately after the Buddha 's enlightenment , he came to Nai Garden lecture for five brothers Tran Nhu Nhu , ascetic friends with him before; The content of the first sermon is the Four Noble Truths . From then on, throughout the course of hispropagation, the Four Noble Truths were developed and expanded . The Buddha repeatedly determined the importance and transcendence of the Four Noble Truths, He taught:
The purpose of Buddhism is to liberate all suffering , so the disciplines are set up , every effort is practiced towards that goal . The Four Noble Truths are considered the ultimate good deeds . He Shariputra said : "For all the footprints of every species of animal were photographers in the footprints of elephants, because the footprint is the largest of all the footprints . Also, sages , all dhamma are concentrated in the Four Holy Empire " ( Majjhima i ). The Buddha also said: " O bhikkhus , if anyone says that without building the lower floor of the house, I will build the upper floor of the house, this event can not happen. Likewise, if anyone says that there is no need to enlighten the Four Noble Truths , we will eliminate suffering, this event can not happen " ( Verse V) . " O bhikkhus , if anyone says that without building the lower floor of the house, I will build the upper floor of the house, this event can not happen. Likewise, if anyone says that there is no need to enlighten theFour Noble Truths , we will eliminate suffering, this event can not happen " ( Verse V) . " O bhikkhus , if anyone says that without building the lower floor of the house, I will build the upper floor of the house, this event can not happen. Likewise, if anyone says that there is no need to enlighten the Four Noble Truths , we will eliminatesuffering, this event can not happen " ( verse V) .
Until the time is about entering nirvana under the sala trees but life, once the end, he reiterated doctrine word to : «The master monks , for four truths , the teacher was skeptical where there are physical problems Immediately, do not hold the doubt without asking "( Business Diocese , Tri Quang translation).
Thus, the importance of the Four Noble Truths has been determined by the Buddha himself and his outstanding disciples. Experienced more than 2,500 years, teachings Four Noble Truths are all sectarian Buddhism , Theravada or Mahayana , will uphold and practice .
The Four Noble Truths are translated from Sanskrit Catvary Aryasatyani. Arya is Dieu, noble, mystery ; Satya is the emperor, the truth , the truth . Four Noble Truths is also known as the Four tripods , Four Noble Truths , Four truth mystery .
1. The Noble Truth of Suffering (dukkha) is the reality of suffering of the people .2. Tap soles (samudaya): the source or causes leading to the current situation of suffering .3. Cessation soles (Nirodha): the end or termination of suffering.4. The sole director (Magga): is the way or method of practice leading to termination of suffering.
Catechism of the Four Noble Truths is mentioned in the scriptures: God distinguish interested ( Central III), of Distinction Holy Roman Emperor ( China Agama ), of Zhuan Falun ( Samyutta & Magazines Agama ), and scattered in canonic Pali Han and organs.
1) - Noble Truth of Suffering (dukkha): Suffering is a reality that people feel from the womb until he closed his eyes swept the hand, no one denies that. Humans always have the tendency to overcome the sufferings, looking for happiness , but for failing to understand the nature of suffering should not find a real way out; Sometimes the opposite, the more sought after happiness entangled in suffering.
Suffering is a truth , a truth about the nature of suffering. Buddha taught: "This, monks , birth is suffering, old age is suffering, disease is suffering, death is suffering, love that separation is suffering, without hope for the suffering. In short , clinging to the five aggregates is suffering « ( Samyutta V) . Thus, can be divided into three categories as follows:
a) - About aspect physiology : Suffering is a feeling of discomfort, burning, pain . When I was a thorn piercing the foot or a grain of sand in the eye discomfort ... this is the urgent pain of the body. The suffering of the body is so great, as Lao Tzu says: "The great being is due to the corn of the body" (The body has suffering). Human beings were born hard ; grow old and weak, miserable disease infinity ; and finally , death: the collapse final of the body brings unpleasant feeling great.b) - About aspect psychology : is suffering due to contentment , not to please etc .. The not pleasant will make that pain in psychology. Losses and losses in life cause me suffering. The person I love is close but not, the person I hate that keep meeting up, I want money, fame , status but it goes beyond his reach. Life as if tantalizing, the dream is not contentment , his heart is always empty, pressing etc .. This is the suffering belongs to psychology .c) - Suffering is clinging to the five aggregates (upadana-skandhas) : The third format involves both suffering on, as in business has taught: "Clinging five aggregates is suffering".Five aggregates are 5 factors depend on each other to form a human , include : body physics and structure of psychology such as feelings , thoughts, and consciousness (form, feeling, perception, and consciousness) . Generally speaking, when we cling to these five elements , it is ours, our own, our self, suffering is present. The notion of "my body", "my feelings«, «I thought«, «my mind", "my perception" ... I formed a lust , selfishness ; From there, all suffering arises. All suffering, anxiety , fear ,
In short , the suffering of the phenomenon is the sense of bodily pain, the most pressing circumstances , the non- satisfaction of psychology . In essence , suffering is the attachment , the five aggregates .
2) - to ultimate (samudaya): Volume is accumulated, the negativity converge forming capacity leads to suffering; This is the cause , the source of suffering. When awareness is the nature of suffering an obvious , can we go on road sections take suffering pain ( sole director ).
Life is suffering or not suffering? Question answer is depending on the attitude ofpsychology , sensation and perception of each person; the cause of suffering originating deep in the minds of people . Buddhism also sees the causes of suffering ; with the arising from physical or circumstances society , but the cause really is still the mind .
The cause of suffering is often the business problem addressed is craving , so craving that cling , cling to the object of craving . The desire for pleasure will lead to suffering, because the desire is never satisfied .
Cause deeper and fundamental than is ignorance , ie ignorance not clearly see the nature of things phenomena are dependent on each other that arise , are impermanent and changing , no one entity, the durable firmly independent in them. Do not see clearly, so heart bent , grab hold the object of pleasure . It is not clear to me that the "me" is the most important thing, that it is necessary to cling to , strengthen and satisfy its needs. In other words,
In summary , we can see a clear , unpleasant or not due to his heart; his heart full of greed , attachment , cognitive errors , the suffering is sure . In other words, by the view of each person for life that is suffering or not. Without the attachment and the desire for selfishness or affliction stir, dominate , reign in the mind, life full of peace and happiness .
3) - Killing soles (Nirodha): Killing is terminated , is extinguished . Removal insole is terminated or extinguished afflictions , causes leading to suffering and the ending of suffering; Also means happiness , peace . Removal sole means Nibbana (Nirvana / Nibbana).
Buddhism confirm life full of suffering , and also determine a true else is peace , happiness . So that there is a practice to achieve happiness . What is happiness? Happiness has varying degrees.
a) - Happiness is relative : Once you have calm hearts craving , clinging , those that anxiety , fear , insecurity reduced, the body and mind of you become relaxed , the mind awake ; You look at every issue more simply and generously . It's a form of happiness . The Middle Sutra has an example: There is a son who is in love with a girl. By chance , he caught the girl talking, laughed at another guy. The soul of the loving son is disturbed , irritated, frustrated and distressed . Time later, her son was no longer loves that girl anymore; this time, he met anyone he was talking, laughing with the other boys, but the picture does not do soul him pain anymore. Also, the mind is not governed by clinging thoughts , because it is not heated by the fires of sorrow , anxiety , fear , but mind your calm and lucid than the ability perceive things phenomenon deeply and accurately , you created a miracle : the body and mind are transformed , attitude your behavior for everyoneGenerosity , tolerance and humility; For wealth , property , famebecomes more serene , no longer be pressured by it weighing on his heart. Based on that, you enjoy life with better quality. The ability to perceive things as phenomena is deeper and more accurate , you create a miracle : your mind is transformed , your attitude towards people is generous , tolerant and humble; For wealth , property , famebecomes more serene , no longer be pressured by it weighing on his heart. Based on that, you enjoy life with better quality. The ability to perceive things as phenomena is deeper and more accurate , you create a miracle : your mind is transformed , your attitude towards people is generous , tolerant and humble; For wealth , property , famebecomes more serene , no longer be pressured by it weighing on his heart. Based on that, you enjoy life with better quality. You create a miracle : mind and body are transformed , your attitude towards people generosity , tolerance and humility; For wealth , property , fame becomes more serene , no longer be pressured by it weighingon his heart. Based on that, you enjoy life with better quality. You create a miracle : mind and body are transformed , your attitudetowards people generosity , tolerance and humility; For wealth , property , fame becomes more serene , no longer be pressured by it weighing on his heart. Based on that, you enjoy life with better quality. Tolerant and humble; For wealth , property , fame becomes more serene , no longer be pressured by it weighing on his heart. Based on that, you enjoy life with better quality. Tolerant and humble; For wealth, property , fame becomes more serene , no longer be pressured by it weighing on his heart. Based on that, you enjoy life with better quality.In short , depending on the ability to reduce greed, greed and ignorance to what extent, your life will be increased happiness to that extent.If you develop happy spirit higher by meditating on, you will have the peace wonderful. The Buddha said: "Someone may not be physically sick for a year or maybe for a hundred years, but it is rare for a person to be mentally ill even for a minute." The psychology is considered the disease of the spirit includes 5 state mentality , often called the 5 hindrances : greed , hatred , dullness sleeping, oscillations and remorse , Skeptical and hesitant . When these five kinds of psychology are present, it will bind and shield your mind ; Excluding them, the spirit will clarify the serenity and peace as the moon escapes from the cloud cover. The state happy spirit is called Charity . Excluding them, the spirit will clarify the serenity and peace as the moon escapes from the cloud cover. The state happyspirit is called Charity . Excluding them, the spirit will clarify the serenity and peace as the moon escapes from the cloud cover. The state happy spirit is called Charity .b) - Happiness is absolute : On the basis of happy spirit , you develop insight , afferent to rid the entire negativity of subtle , profound , you can achieve happiness absolute , ultimate is Niet Table . Destruction is Nirvana . Nirvana is the pure , is happy absolute . The Buddha said : «Unlucky to win , Nirvana lost the victory«.
Nirvana also be expressed in many different nouns, typically including the unborn, liberated , unconditioned , outflows , unique shore , the first President , legs like, real generals , legal body ... nirvana not Must be the object of thinking , concept or language . This is the state of peacefulness , happiness absolute when the mind was absent greed, hatred and delusion.
We often conceive of Nirvana as a realm , a higher realm than the realm , as the paradise of other religions ; That was a big mistake . Nirvana beyond all concepts treated on time , space , yes, no, big and small ... However, Nirvana is not nothingness , but a reality of pure , ultra Vietnam , do not lie in scope distinction of consciousness , or, alternatively, may not realize is nirvana while still greed, hatred and delusion. A Zen master said: "Look at the mountains, the streams, the forest green tree beautiful top the other. When looking at things with a new vision, an eye is not dominated by greed , then beauty is Nirvana ! Nirvana is not a place different from the world , a realm that one can find. Nirvana is here. The Buddha and the Bodhisattvas , Arhat have reached nirvana even in his life this life. That means Nibbana is at the fingertips of everyone. The manifestation of Nibbàna is that there is no karma and no rebirth .
4) - sole director (Magga): Religion is the way , the methods implemented to achieve peace , happiness in life everyday life or happiness absolute nirvana . Thus, the entire teachings that Buddha taught are sole director , general and basic includes 37 measures, often referred to as 37 the assistant . The Buddha said : " O Bhikkhus , these are the teachings that we realize and teach, you must learn well , realization of practice , spread widely to the Dharma is eternal , so happy forsentient beings , because peace for living beings , because of compassion for the world, for happiness , for peace for the gods and mankind . That's four foundations of mindfulness , four primary needs , Four- sufficient spirit , Five apartments, Five forces , Seven Bodhi part , eight noble part « ( business Mahaparinirvana ) . Spreadwidely to the Dharma is to survive , for the happiness for sentient beings , for peacefor sentient beings , for the love of life, for happiness , for peace for the gods andhuman beings . That's four foundations of mindfulness , four primary needs , Four-sufficient spirit , Five apartments, Five forces , Seven Bodhi part , eight noble part « ( business Mahaparinirvana ) . Spread widely to the Dharma is to survive , for the happiness for sentient beings , for peace for sentient beings , for the love of life, forhappiness , for peace for the gods and human beings . That's four foundations of mindfulness , four primary needs , Four- sufficient spirit , Five apartments, Five forces, Seven Bodhi part , eight noble part « ( business Mahaparinirvana ) . For peace forsentient beings , for love for life, for happiness , for peace for the gods and human beings . That's four foundations of mindfulness , four primary needs , Four- sufficient spirit , Five apartments, Five forces , Seven Bodhi part , eight noble part « ( business Mahaparinirvana ) . For peace for sentient beings , for love for life, for happiness , for peace for the gods and human beings . That's four foundations of mindfulness , four primary needs , Four- sufficient spirit , Five apartments, Five forces , Seven Bodhi part , eight noble part « ( business Mahaparinirvana ) .
In the 37th, the eight paths are considered the most typical and fundamental of the Tao . The eight saints , also known as the eight paths - the true path - have eight parts :
1) - Right (Samma Ditthi): See and understand correctly , that is perceived right about ethics of life, which is good, which is evil. Recognize right about the nature of things are impermanent , selfless , interdependent . Perceive clearly the nature of suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the path leading to the end of suffering.2) - Right Thought (Samma sankappa): Think right , that is not to let your mind think the problem evil as lust , furiously angry, violent harm ... guide thinking His direction to the noble mind, such as the thought of indulgence, liberation , loving help to beings , non-violence , patience , calm .3) - Right Speech (Samma Vaca): Language correctness , that is not to say these words lead to painful , divisive, violent hatred . Speak words that build trust , unite harmony , love and interest .4) - Right Action (Samma Kammanta): Acts proper , meaning no acts killing, stealing, sexual acts illegal . Practice the love , help, not desire pleasures immoral .5) - Livelihood (Samma Ajiva): Life proper , ie means of livelihood, occupation true , do not live by the occupation illegal , cruel , cunning .6) - Right Effort (Samma Vayama): Right Effort , that is, efforts toeliminate evil, efforts to practice good.7) - Mindfulness (Samma Sati): Remember to think properly , means not think the legal mind immoral , do not let the objects guided his nefarious hike. An indifferent to the good , not forget the French .8) - Right Concentration (Samma samadhi): Concentrate thoughtright , that is not to care formula being pulled , concentrated thoughts as peace of mind in a proper , have effectively develop wisdom .
The relationship between the parts of the Noble Eightfold Path is indivisible, one part in the other, and the other in support of this. The eight paths can be divided into three steps, namely Gender, Dhyana and Wisdom. Gender is Right Speech , Right Action , Right Livelihood ; Dinh is Right Effort , Mindfulness , Right Concentration ; Tue is Right View , Right Thought . Determining the Noble Path is the path to liberation , the Buddha said : "Subhadda, In the law that does not have the Eightfold path , there are no four kinds of results " ( Mahaparinibbana , TB I) . Buddha taught: "If the monks live authentic (according to the Noble Eightfold Path ), then this life is not lack of Arahat«.
The path of the sole director is the path effort itself of every practitioner Buddhists ; road had just practice both effective at the life of this.
Teachings of Buddhism is not a doctrine , but a work practice , with practice new turn theory into real practice, the material life of every man , like eating new rice was full, drank the new water thirsty . That is where the difficulty of the Buddhists , can not rely on someone initiates help yourself, or someone gave her to be freed , all suffering.
The Sutra gives the three stages of cognition and practice to the Four Truths , the term called Transmission : Transmission, Transmission , Transmission.
1) - For Suffering : Awareness is the realization , or recognition of suffering. Seeing suffering is the first step; If not , do not know, there will be no action to eradicate suffering . Encouragement is to go deeper into the nature of dukkha, the desire to eliminate suffering. The witness feels deep and comprehensive about the nature of suffering.
2) - For Volume soles : Thi transfer is identifying the causes leading to suffering. Encouragement is the desire to eliminate those causes . Transmutation is a practice , an effort to eliminate them.
3) - For Abstinence : Transmission is aware of the absence of suffering is happiness , there is no suffering , we must see it. Encouragement is the beginning of the desire to be happy , enjoy the joy, serene peace of life . The witness is to attain true enjoyment of that peaceful state .
4) - For the Tao : The vision is to see the path , see the method of eliminating suffering , clearly see that this is the path to liberation ; In other words, see the exit! Encouragement is the desire to go on that path , departing on the road. Securities transfer is going on the road was a fullness .
In short , for every truth , we must be aware of it clearly . From awareness smoothly leads to the desire to act, and ultimately achieve the purpose . We must clearly see the course of our own behavior , language and thinking , which is suffering , causing suffering , we must identify and eliminate them; we transform it to enjoy joy peace happiness of Killing soles .
Human suffering is not due to lack of material , money , fame , but because of ignorance . The confusion makes people less aware of the proper nature of life. Buddhism indications for human direction, an outlet, providing the means to let people open treasure wisdom of his own. The definition of ignorance , the Buddha taught: "It is not clear how suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the path leading to cessation of suffering , this the monks , this is called ignorance « ( Samyutta V) . And vice versa is intelligence, is wisdom . In the view of wisdom , concern us grace born of four truth manifest clear , see a truth that can see the whole truth . The Buddha said : " O bhikkhus , who see suffering, he also see the cause of suffering, suffering , See the path to suffering . Anyone who sees the cause of suffering can see the suffering and the path leading to the cessation of suffering . Anyone who sees suffering is suffering, the cause of suffering, the path leading to suffering . Who can see the path to pain killing , they also see the suffering, cause of suffering and the cessation of suffering " ( Samyutta V) . The right understanding is Right Understanding , It plays a very important role in the cultivation of the Four Truths ; In other words, Right View passes in every discipline . Cognitive clarity that called Ants religion .
The Four Truths are both the means and the end . A doctrine completely full of cloned bring faith , life for human , social contemporaries and still practical benefits for human and social modernization .
Characteristics of catechesis Four Noble Truths is the middle path , do not fall into extremists enjoy sensual or ascetic mortification . The Four Noble Truthsencompass all the teachings that the Buddha taught. Catechism of the Four Noble Truths can practice for ordained and lay , who also practice it, anyone can taste freed , to meet demand from suffering for individuals and transform society .END=NAM MO AMITABHA BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH TAM GIAC .THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN AMITABHA PURELAND=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.16/6/2017.
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