NEUTRAL DOCTRINE .

Middle Way (madhyamOe-pratipad) is the way to stay away from the two extremes: the age of lust and ascetic practices, it is the experience drawn from his self, after enjoying life in the palace, and spent 6 years of ascetic, thanks to this path which He accomplished enlightenment and liberation under the bodhi tree.

Since then, the middle way is not only the life of the Buddhist perspective, indicating moderate spirit of openness not bigotry, it is also a profound philosophical system of Mahayana Buddhism, namely China school shop (Madhyamaka, Madhyamika).

From meaning Middle defined as two extremes away: Enjoyment and desire ascetic practices, gradual evolution developed into two extremes avoided: organic and approved numerous mortgage, mortgage segment generally accepted, non-dual , generally obstinate denial conservative attitude, whether on this side or the other side.This detachment from meaningful definition leads to Middle Way Noble Eightfold Path is the way, the middle way is the theory of dependent origination, meaning Junior middle is not. Of course every concept Middle of each different historical periods, however much of course we also carry different meanings, interpretations analysis also difference, especially to the Buddhist era University excess (Mah-Yna), this concept is very detailed analysis separatist philosophy.

The contents of this article, the author tries to clarify its meaning each through the texts of each ministry dispatched.

1. Do not fall into two extremes: the ascetic and sensual middle

As Buddhists, probably no one does not know the identity of his guru is Buddha Shakyamuni. He was originally Prince of Kapilavastu water (Kapila-vastu), was the only child of the King (Suddhodana). Legend therefore, when he not ordained servant pampered living in the palace. Winter palace warm for winter, summer palace also cool for the summer, concubines, dance, endless partying. Experiencing a time of enjoyment, he felt in his self remains hidden the seeds of suffering not only for people but even for himself, for the palace and country. Enjoyment asserts that is not true happiness, so in 29 years (North passed to the age of 19) he decided to give that consumer lifestyles in quest of enlightenment and liberation.

According to 'The Bible Bridge' (Ariyapariyesanasuttam) in "Business Central" Episode 1 records that, after the Buddha abandoned the family, religion monastic school, the first in 6 years that he was under the legal practice of asceticism with two renowned masters Alara Kalama and contemporary is Uddaka Ramaputta, painstaking effort he practiced asceticism, fasts, until one day only eat a sesame seed, his body emaciated, only skin bone, he had discovered that the highest position two masters this statement, but he felt the ascetic no avail, unrelated to the monastic life, it also does not solve the stand human suffering, so he decided to give up the practice of asceticism, after renouncing ascetic practices where, on the way to the river Nairanjana, he received a bowl of milk from the offering of the shepherd, he gradually felt healthy body and a sound mind, the event helped him claim his methods of practice that middle path, avoiding the two extremes of the age and austerity lust. As he mentioned in many of the functions as well as Nikya A, namely 'the Infinite Avoid Discrimination' in the 'Business Central "Episode 3, is recorded as follows:

"Do not practice the sensual, inferior, despicable, ordinary, not worthy saint, unrelated purposes. And should not practice asceticism autism, suffering, not worthy saint, unrelated purposes. Abandoning these two extremes, there is the Middle Way was Tathagata enlightenment, the wall of the eye, the mind works, leads to peace, winning position, enlightenment, nirvana. "1

Content has led passage, the Buddha advised the monks or rather is for everyone not to fall into two extremes is living life and enjoying unbridled asceticism mortification. According to him the two lifestyles are not beneficial to the people themselves. How is life passions unbridled enjoyment? In order for the issue to be clearly understood, we try to find out his materialist camp Ajita Kesa Kambala, is one of six schools of philosophy. The policy of this sect are recorded in the "Business Review A function" No. 154 as follows:

"Do something, so start something, so what implications, so amorously something, so see where something down, causing them to see something like this being, said thus: 'There is no generosity, no chance fact, no doctrine, no good roads karma, bad roads, no this world, no other life, no parents, no beings, no earth, in this world there is no A-la welding, no chief operating level, proper direction to this life or the next life ... "2

Ajita Kesa Kambala is dispatched Patriarch of materialism, also called Thuan World, said that four elements: earth, water, fire, wind are factors independent existence, people and the world due to this great figure 4 St. Negation of the existence of the soul or ego, death is the end, the four returned to the big four, in addition to 4 factors have nothing. Therefore, the purpose of human life is the quest of pleasure, and by all means enjoy the pleasures that, even when I was living, in order not to regret later. With a view to such thoughts, so he has denied any policy of moral values, said: There is no charity, there is no good way of karma, the evil way, neither this world, no other life no, not even my parents moral morality spouses and children, no human, no results .... everything will be terminated after death, so this life of enjoyment spoiled themselves, intensive communications media are called unrighteous who lives, rob or murder, robbery wife ... According to the Buddha, attitude to life and to enjoy the same way, in fact there is no happiness, moreover it is not the danger to himself, but also dangerous for society, partake of afflictions, do not bring enlightenment and liberation, so the Buddha advised the monks to give up this lifestyle. But he does not deny the value of the material.As stated in the "Business Review A function" Beijing No. 912 as follows:

"This village head, there are three categories of people like sensual enjoyment, of every human being, continue to death, poor rustic ...

"This village head, what are the three categories of people like sensual enjoyment, of death row rustic ordinary poor continue? As someone sensual enjoyment by making an illegally occupied, does not bring joy to yourself, did not take care of their parents, providing full brother, wife and children, who are, relative location belonging, friends and acquaintances; nor customize the offerings to recluses, Brahmin, to demand peace retribution nice place, looking forward to the next life born to heaven. That category was first called sensual enjoyment in the world.

"Again, the village head, others sensual enjoyment abuse using accounting measures a material resources illegally, in order to provide all the joy for yourself, take care of the parents, provide full brother, wife and children, who make, relatives of relatives, friends and acquaintances; but not customize the offerings to recluses, Brahmin, to demand retribution nice peaceful place, eager progeny born to heaven. It called second class sensual enjoyment.

"Again, the village head, others sensual enjoyment by taking measures sought by abuse material resources not accounted for in order to provide all the joy for yourself, offers the service for parents, providing full brother, wife and children, who were, relatives of relatives, friends and acquaintances, also depending on the offerings to recluses, Brahmin, to demand peace retribution nice place, looking forward to life after birth untie. It's called the third class sensual enjoyment ".3

Through content has led passage, the Buddha mentions three beneficiaries Rating desire: First, the kind of person in any way usurp the property of others and then letting go of the extravagant spending, serve the his desires, not help sharing the wife, parents, brothers, relatives and even not to donations for the Brahmin monk to seek blessings Secondly future , the category was also abused by illegal appropriation of property of others. After spending appropriated him happy enjoyment, serve yourself and for your family, but not offering recluses, Brahmins, to seek blessings for the future. Third, is the property of people earn is not an illicit appropriation, by her strength.After earning money, he enjoyed himself earning assets, said divided support for his wife and children, parents, siblings and relatives, also known to donations to recluses Brahmins to seek retribution in the future. In the three categories of people enjoying use of this material, the Buddha of people criticized the first and 3rd category was praised Which shows that the Buddha did not advocate an extreme enjoyment, but not synonymous absolute enjoy spending rebuttal material, rational and earn spending money properly, the Buddha has been agreed. However we also need to note that, although his property legally earned, use that money to enjoy an insatiable pleasure, enjoying the way it is inconsistent with the spirit of using animal life Buddhist nature, why? because in view of the Buddha, there are two physical enjoyment of good and bad effects: It is called good and useful only when rationally receptors, helping healthy body, not an illness; the opposite is called bad, because they will make the body sick, not healthy, overeating, excessive nutrient that the body undigested become sick. Through developing countries of material excess, eating diseases belong to a lot of enjoyment, such as the type of disease obesity, cholesterol ... are derived from eating the age. This is why the Buddha meaningful rebuttal first extreme is to enjoy life.However, the Buddha did not agree with the ascetic life, life is ripped apart bodies, no benefits, such as Jainism advocates sect. Referring to rigorous ascetic practices of this sect, like, '' State of the Aggregate Business Suffering 'in the' Business Central "reported as follows:

"Hey Mahanama, one time I stay at Rajagaha (Rajgir), on Mount Gijjhakuta (Vulture). At that time, a lot of input from Ni (Nigantha) at Isigili slopes, on Kalasila (Black Cliff), to stand, not sit and feel the sensations pathetic, suffering, fierce, sharp .. . "4

This is the main story Exalted eyes saw nuns in the mountainside Isigili event from practicing austerity, all day and all night they straightened not sitting or lying, or lying on thorns, stinking dead inside, no eating or drinking ... endured intense pain sensations. With the aim of tracing the enlightenment and liberation. As they explain:

"Nigantha Nataputta - omniscience is the One, the whole is ... He said as follows: Nigantha Hey, if old people can do evil deeds, make that now consumed by this fierce austerity. The evil is not done in the future due to the upholding of the body, the holder of the words, the holder of the right in the present, in the here. Thus it is in the burn, the end of the past now, is not doing the new career, without continued in the future. Do not continue in the future, now is eradicated; by now been eradicated, suffering is eradicated; because suffering is eradicated, sensations are eradicated; because feelings are eradicated, all the suffering will be consumed ... "5

Through both passages lead content, Patriarch of the sect Ni Tu Kien explained, want to destroy the evil in the past, by practicing austerity, making the body increasingly fierce how much suffering, the The more evil now be consumed soon. The draining causing bodily karma is pure, enlightening and liberating appear. Removal perspective is completely different now with a view to destroy Buddhism now.Buddhism says, in 3 now, the most important is now, itself has done evil, evil mouth say, are caused by the steering. Therefore, sufferings and afflictions origin of man is due to ignorance, want to eradicate this ignorance, must take immediate intellectual intelligence, to steer for himself and doing good oral speech of reasonable time, not the tortured body damnation, if austerity brings enlightenment, then the convicts will be the enlightenment of the Buddha before us. Thus, the practice of Buddhism is not ascetic practices, with enough material life, said lessening the indulgence sufficiency, and by all means to revive the Buddha nature, the function of human intelligence when this function appears, it is the torch breaks the darkness of ignorance, cutting off negativity tiebreaker. How is life motto sexual minorities?Being ashamed, knowing the position and his ability, the needs are indispensable for adequate home people do not lack is, life does not imitate, not as people want all this then want something else. How full extent depends on each person, depending on the circumstances of social life, so do not take a principle known as the standard for all.

In summary, the excessive desire to enjoy is one extreme; ascetic lifestyle contrary, damned body is also an extremist, both this lifestyle is not for his benefit to others, partake of afflictions, brought suffering ..., so Buddha advised us to stay away from the two extremes there and live life to the Middle Way, that is, life is not too fond of extreme natural enjoying the villa or ascetic. This is the meaning of the concept of the Middle Way is Buddha discovered and declared after he spent two epicurean lifestyle character education and practice austerity. This is also why he defined the Middle Way Noble Eightfold Path is the way (S. iryOe • EOevgika-mOerga, P. Ariya magga aEEhaºgika), as he presented the 'Economic Cau Lau Sau Stay Forever' in "Beijing China A function" as follows:

"It leaves these two extremes there is a middle, working into the eye, the mind works in order, into the work, brought to mind, to enlightenment, leading to Nirvana '. This issue speaks to the cause?Here, the Noble eight factors, from the right view to the chief, called eight. Because of this event and said: It leaves these two extremes there is a middle, working into the eye, the mind works in order, into the work, brought to mind, to enlightenment, leading to Nirvana. " 6

Even in the 'Phẩm Zhuan Falun "in" Beijing University Phuong Quang Hoa Nghiem Buddhist "Middle Way also explained the way' Eightfold Path 'as follows:

"Buddha, brethren ... and he should know, there are two types of home person obstacles. Something called the two? One is the mind's attachment to the fitness scene, difficult to escape this scene, this is senseless ordinary person class inferior, not a saint to sight to the eyes, because it is not the liberation of the workers, not ly is bringing sex workers, not lead to spiritual powers, neither the Buddha's, nor to lead to nirvana. The two are not thinking rightly gives itself suffering, not only suffering in the past, but also to suffer in the current results and the future. Therefore, brethren need to abandon these two categories. I say this because of his Middle Way, the brethren need to listen. Something called the Middle Way? Right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, mindfulness, and right concentration "7

We try to put the problem: Why do people fall into two extreme lifestyle: indulgence in sexual enjoyment and damnation animals themselves by way of asceticism? Seriously find out the cause, they arise from ignorance (avidyOe), due to ignorance does not recognize the right and wrong, right or wrong, right and wrong, so for the right to be wrong, the wrong is right, practice should not practice, do not deserve to practice law enforcement, leading to suffering and afflictions. Wants to end this ignorance should illuminate the intellectual, is represented by the Noble Eightfold Path, namely: 1. Right (P. samma - ditthati), 2. Thought (P. samma - sankappa), 3. Right Speech (samma P. - vaca), 4. Right Action (samma P. - kammanta), 5. Right Livelihood (samma P. - ajiva), 6. Right effort (P. samma - vayama), 7 . Mindfulness (P. samma - sati), 8. Right Concentration (P. sammdhiti). Means that when people live in the district he or she is the right thought; because with the right thought so rightly say is true and employment, life is also true; thanks also to this district district of thinking, so the effort of trying he also true, is also right feet conception, conception was rightly due, so he lived and worked in the regulations; who live in the intellectual, he is there;intellectual person who knows the right thing for the wrong, the immoral deeds, to benefit their interests, harm the people who hurt her, so thanks for the info so he does not fall into these two extremes.This is the meaning defined by the Buddha's Middle Way path 'Eightfold Path'.

Seriously speaking, the meaning of this concept of the Middle Way, it is related to the physical, mentioned middle refers to enjoyment and asceticism are the two extremes. But this is not the only significant Middle theory, from this concept later evolved into evolution theory has not, usually guess the two extremes of knowledge. This is the point we need to pay attention. In the following two-part series, we will learn about concepts such as just mentioned

2. Do not accept two extremes: there is no centrally directed and

The metaphysical problem that the Buddha did not answer as: "The world often ephemeral existence, the world is finite or infinite; ie relative lives or other lives other relatives; Tathagata extinct, or extinct Tathagata not ...? '8 are the problems of contemporary Indian philosophy and constantly interested in discussing, whoever the list, is social attention, he must select one of these two extreme views.Likewise, Buddha's contemporary celebrities, Origination theory, that life is impermanent, so he was heckled. Question: World permanent or impermanent? it meant to ask: If Bhagavan said that the world is often, that means he accepts this world 'there'; if he said that the world is impermanent, that is accepted opinion: this world is not there. If man and this world are not, destroy the practice to do? This is the problem that the religious philosopher that time wanted the Buddha stated his views. In fact, the Buddha grounds of religion is causal, so lead to the conclusion: Humans and the world is impermanent. The content and meaning of the concept of 'impermanence' (S. Anitya, P. anattan), it does not mean that deny the existence of man and the world, the concept of impermanence to the Indian philosopher conditioning is a new concept, not in the traditional way of thinking turyen, so they raised the issue with Bhagavan is very straightforward and obvious.This is why, in the Buddhist scriptures often refer to the concept of yes and no. As "Samyutta" Buddha mentioned:

"Hey Kaccayana, this world health largely pointed to two extremes: with and without. This Kaccayana, anyone with intelligence chief seen as the world's collective feet start, he did not accept the world is not there. Kaccayana this, find someone with intelligence chief feet was annihilated world, he does not accept the world is going. "9

Through the content and meaning has led passage shows, India is a nation fond of metaphysical thinking, want to learn the nature world is this? how it exists? eternity or annihilation? Said: The world is there (eternal) is a point of view; that this world is not (annihilation) is a point of view. The two often conflicting views and argue mutual antagonism, defame one another. For these two views, the Buddha had accepted, that it is the two extremes. Why ? Because this world is not there or not, it exists with impermanent status, is constantly changing, as the world capital of thousands of things together that predestined by the city, so the essence of the law is impermanent. If each part of the world is impermanent change, the world can not ignore change; the world is changing, there is no certain minister to call it there, do not call it does not, because the existing world is impermanent status of the Minister of Justice. To clarify the meaning of this, "Mahaparinibbana Sutta" explains:

"The law can not nor should not, because there is no certain minister.Why ? Because (for example) by the label, there is material, there is light, there is consciousness, there is so informal birth anniversary, this formula does not appear to be in manual mode, in color, in the light, in the sense, in concept, nor in the middle, so we never have nor not.Since we predestined by birth, so called there, but they have no self-nature, so called not. For this reason so called legal entities not have nor not. "10

Legal entities that gather predestined by the so-called have, but the nature of the legal nature can not, ie independent existence, so it is not known. If you think the law is true there is an extreme point of view; vice versa if that nothing is permanent but it is also a radical.Depart from two extremes: not accepted there and accept this, called the Middle Way. Thus, the concept of the Middle Way here is defined as non-compliance with, nor accept no. Acceptance and approval usually is also analyzed segments such explanations.

3. First meaning is not Middle Way

Besides the two meanings Middle newly mentioned 1 and 2. In the system of Mahayana Buddhist scriptures also mention that non-First is the Middle Way. Related to this sense of "Mahaparinibbana Sutta" explains:

"Buddha nature is 'First means no', ie First no intellectual meaning.The so-called NO is not real nor not (there). People find it just is not located well not just any, (see the law) and also recently has often impermanence, suffering and has lost recently, just last fall selflessness. No mortal is all, any age is not Nirvana, even saw selflessness is also vital, found that falls called Nirvana. Seeing all that is not seen no otherwise not called the Middle Way. Even all measures are selfless without seeing (the law) is down, it's not called the (operating) the Middle Way. Ie Buddhahood middle way, based on this sense, so know the Buddha nature is unchanging permanence.Sentient being ignorant, so do not see the Buddha nature; Sravakas Pratyekabuddha just saw all the French were not, but do not see any solution is not, that the law is selfless, but do not see the law as falls.Because of this reason, do not see does not mean First, because do not see does not mean First, the executive should not centrally directed, because no law enforcement Middle invisible so Buddha nature. "11

"Mahaparinirvana" is the classic of Mahayana Buddhism (Mah-Yna) The scripture is of the opinion generally optimistic thoughts pure ego.This economic definition is the First Middle Way means no; First means wisdom, as well as the Buddha nature. Wisdom that Mahayana Buddhism is the kind of intellectual definitions perfections (S. Pra-j-a-paramit), it is not synonymous with the concept of pa - a, is the kind of wisdom that can distinguish by. Wise people (S. Pra-j-a-paramit) who see the true nature of the capital measures that formed due to Dependent Origination, something so interdependent that formed the so-called ephemeral or not, they are impermanent, not but not without.Thus, the law did not also there. Yes, and not just the two phenomena of a problem, acceptance or approval with are not extremists, prejudices, people have to see the legal position had also just do not, that's true vision. Thus, if any person is legal only see the impermanence, is not, is selfless, but do not see the law as often, the estate does not, then he is down a no-brainer, does not see that First no, do not see the Buddha nature, not centrally directed law enforcement. In contrast, both the legal person that has often impermanent, just selfless just down, just do not fit in any no-brainer, he is uncivil, mean First seen and not seen the Middle Way doctrine.This is the meaning of the concept Middle Mahayana system is defined as meaning non-First.

4. causal Middle

Before we dive analysis explains the meaning 'causal Middle Way'.Here, we first need to pay attention, according to the history of Buddhism in India, Prajna ideology of Mahayana Buddhism to appear after the Ministry sect of Buddhism. Therefore, in the texts of Mahayana Sutra belonging Madhyamikas not uphold ideology (§enyat) and organic ideological critique (bhva). Here the concept of organic waste that Mahayana Buddhism is the policy says 'organic Tam fact, be the eternal law' theory of sect Sarvastivadins (SarvOestivOedin). The concept of wealth or not this property, it is not the object to which the function or Nikya classic A rebuttal has not thought of pagan, because here are 2 different historical periods.Another point should also be noted that, the Chinese translation of sometimes makes us confused. For example, from Origination (S. prat'tya-samutpOeda, P. paEcca-samuppda) is theoretical enlightenment Buddha under the bodhi tree, it is sometimes translated as 'causal', while the word 6's theory (sad-hetavah) 4 coast (catvarah pratyayah) 12 Friends of the sect also be loosely translated as 'causal'. Semantically 2 has different intentions, not quite the same, because of the legal nature Origination laws, which developed into the doctrine of conditions 12 overs in the process of extinction of suffering, belongs to psychology, grace theory 4 6 staff based law also established origination, but charming theory 4 6 staff mainly analyze the formation of the material world. The first examples of the "Madhyamika" is 'the causal shop', the content of this section Nagarjuna rejected causal theory. But the 22 minutes, including the verse: 'We karmic law student, ie market down countless theories ...', with content for that law that predestined by birth. Was this the idea of ​​two self-contradictory. This variance is due to confusion about the wording. Thus, the word in the first predestined are predestined theory of Being 6's 4 sets, so Nagarjuna rejected, opposite from the 22nd of conditions in theory only for Origination. This is the point we need to pay attention.

Back problems, in "Mahaparinibbana Sutta" meaning to mention direct causal China as follows:

"Bodhisattva Buddhas usually displayed by Middle Way perspective.Why ? because the law was not there nor not without a certain minister. Why ? Born as predestined formula by eye, color, light, standard and concept, so this method is not only due to a sharp eye or ... which, for their nature should not have, not , nor in the middle stages. Predestined to be called there, they do not have the so-called nature does not. So therefore the Tathagata said: The law no nor not."13

Content has led passage shows, the Buddha often used for Middle treated all the problems in daily life, do not fall into any obstinate attitude, whether it is accepted or approved have not, right or wrong ..., because whether or not only a temporary phenomenon, not the essence, because of the legal nature of impermanence interdependent variables are translated, this has not tomorrow, not after tomorrow there tomorrow, evidence to decisive is whether or not?Who determined is whether or not, must have true recipe for misery, because things are changing. Sorrow about business plans fail, or suffering of loved ones lost their lives, the cause of it is probably not far beyond its obstinate asserted. Right and wrong, too, how the decision was right or wrong, as a common denominator for everyone, but this is true with the other person is wrong. As people look forward to sunny clothesline, but the gardener to expect rain. One of them is true, is false? Today this disease drug therapy this is true, but this drug has become a dangerous delay (false) if not that sick. Yes and no, right or wrong it's hard to say, when a specific issue is not clear.Therefore, people can not place a final determination in this case. The main reason for the universal problem of all things in this life, all because of conditions that success, further causes and conditions of each issue is different, can not solve the problem in a stereotyped way, take reasonable this would solve the problem, take the problem today resolved to issue tomorrow. This is why in the Mahayana Buddhist teachings disprove generally intolerant attitudes, or take a negative approach to explain the problem. This is also where Nagarjuna ethical guidelines or emptiness Origination Middle his theory. As shelves proceedings in 'Food Self' in "Argument Modern Decor" stated that:

若 法 因緣 生 是 法 性 實 空

　若此 法 不 空 不 從 因緣 有

　譬如 鏡 中 像 非 鏡 亦非 面

　亦非 持 鏡 人 非 自 非 無 因

　非 有 亦非 無 亦復 非 有無

　此 語 亦 不受 如是 名 中道 .14

If legal predestined by birth,

French capital was not,

If such measures must not,

Not from an affinity with.

For example, the scene in the mirror,

Not scenes, not the mirror,

Nor the mirror holder,

Not self, nor inhuman,

Words nor life,

So-called Middle Way.

"Luan Modern Decor" is the conclusion to the content of Bodhisattva Nagarjuna explains the Sutra thoughts. According to Lu China (呂 澂) Sutra is the earliest appearance of being a Buddhist University thua15, the main idea of ​​this business was: 'Emptiness can illusory' (性 空幻 有). The reason is called emptiness, because the nature of the legal nature can not, however, the concept of 'no' here, does not mean that there is no; but it does not really have that is 'artificial' (praj-apti), so called them 'illusory yes', this illusory concept is such as foam, floral đóm of nowhere, like a dream .. . the meaning of this is the verse in "Diamond Sutra Prajna Paramita" description:

一切 有為 法,

如 夢幻泡影,

如 露 亦如 電,

應 作 如是 觀 .16

Circuit set legal compounded,

Photo cell and illusory,

Such as herons electric highway.

Falcon as market consistent work.

Was compounded this verse refers is the form taken by the four elements, their existence is not durable, longer-dimensional light loss, like the mist on the tips of the grass, like a dream, like water bubbles on the river, like lightning in the sky ... their existence is short. Is human life, there are many hundred years versus infinite time!Impermanent life was already suffering, and yet maintain clinging bigotry, not letting go of the human make people suffer more. Try asking bigotry that stems from? Must have been from ignorance, but ignorance about? was not found to be the nature of the measures which are interdependent, even bigotry that is real. That is why in "The Argument" 'Four Food Restaurant' (ryasatya-par'k •, 觀 四諦 品) 24 minutes

眾 因緣 生 法, 我 說 即 是 無,

　亦為 是 假名, 亦 是 中 道義 .17

Legal predestined by birth,

It is said that are not,

It also called false name,

Also called the Middle Way means.

All measures in the world is because of conditions that together into.What is predestined by forming the nature does not have, because no self-nature, so it is not known; no but no means no, yes but not really there, so that's just what might have or fake illusory. If the mind understands the nature of such measures, which should not approve nor accept have not, call it the Middle Way. Thus, the content and meaning of the concept of the Middle Way was built on the basis of religion is causal. Who sees interdependent principles he sees law, anyone found to be legal, he is Buddha, who saw the Buddha he sees and lives life to the Middle Way, has also not approved not approved not, usually do not accept nor approve paragraph . This is the meaning of religion is causal Middle Way.

5. Lia is dualistic Middle Way

Actually sense is dualistic departed Middle mentioned above. But this dualistic concepts that meant extreme, bad, wrong for practitioners should be separated from the two extremes there to be liberated. As the age of lust and ascetic practices, acceptance and approval have not, usually and paragraph ... are the two extremes of the bad nature of improperly. However, here referring to this dualistic concept, it's a very specific meaning, need to be explored. Such as good and evil as well as two extremes should be abandoned. Here, as evil is not good behavior, so we must give up the right, but why good behavior is advised to quit. These are points to be clarified in this section. Related to this dualistic sense apart, we see in the "Argument Modern Decor" Nagarjuna be mentioned:

"Compliance is a party down, selfless acceptance is also a party.Abandoning these two obstinate called Middle Way "18

Also in this paper, Nagarjuna continues to explain:

"Again, ignorance is a party (extreme), the cessation of ignorance is also an extremist; Bodhisattva is a party, 6 paramitas is a party;Buddha is a party, Bodhi is also a party; Prajna Paramita is a party, non Prajna Paramita is a party. This is far from the two Middle Way, it is called Prajna Paramita. "19

Or in "Maha Prajnaparamita" also mentioned:

"Hey Shariputra! Unthinkable and countless cockroaches 5 offenses are true pillars in fact no difference, no birth and no killing, no no to go well, there's also no fruit, no good nor evil. "20

Through these texts has resulted paragraph shows, the meaning of it is not like the kind of extreme bigotry in parts 1, 2, 3.4 refers, are both extreme bigotry are wrong, wrong , such as enjoying life is wrong, ascetic life is wrong, so we have to give up, give up this lifestyle two called the Middle way. However, in the Mahayana sutras to mention the kind of intolerant extremists carry different meanings. As work is an extreme evil, but to do good is also extreme; ignorance is extreme, termination is also extreme ignorance; Prajna is a radical, non Prajna is also a radical, even extremist beings is, Buddhahood is also an immoral extremists .... Action is an extremist bigotry, is strictly logical , but why do good as well as the extreme bigotry? then its meaning like? Try asking the Buddha advised us to give up the evil acts of charity, efforts to rid cultivate ignorance, Nirvana holy person to do?Affordable is the contradiction? Actually there is no contradiction in these two teachings, because there is no right or wrong in the case of problems posed lack of specificity, such as better drugs in Pharmacy medicines, we thing therapeutic function of different diseases, drugs called good or not depends on the cooperation between doctor, patient and medication, if not better coordination, the drug has also become a good little bad, unhealthy. Also, when referring to the issue of the treatment dualistic between good and evil, between right and wrong, between beings and Buddhas ... to determine the absolute value of one of these two issues, then clearly it can hardly happen to the enlightened. If today's society does not accept a doctor for a patient taking the wrong drugs, if we see the Buddha as a doctor specializing in psychological treatment, to make sure he can not arbitrarily a doctrine, a therapeutic method of treatment for everyone. This is the sense in which the Buddha said:

"... Bodhisattva who has profound wisdom, can not use the wrong method to teach beings. So when he says that does not practice theory contrary to our inborn his birth, which is why when he met the Mahayana teachings supreme immediately say, do not say the doctrine Single and Sravaka sense. Also; when meeting the object is said doctrine Single Single sensory sensation, when met said Sravaka Sravaka teachings ... "21

So in any case Buddha spoke, doing good is a radical, immoral work is an extreme, extreme sorrow, extreme Bodhi is also ...? According to the writer, this sense Buddha appears only when the row broke bigotry Sravaka, (if the standpoint of Mahayana and Theravada) or rather those with liberal ideas, to bring Buddha social approach to the life of ordinary people. This view must have the monk conservative course, disagreed, saying it was dangerous work, immoral, harmful to Buddhism, is the way to go against the direction of liberation or enlightenment nirvana. This is why in the Mahayana sutras mentioned radical evil is good is also extreme, extreme beings Nirvana is an extremist or intolerant. To clarify the meaning of this, here we can borrow on the be22 story of two monks wanted to cross the river (wonderful shore) in the 'Business for Education Snake' (Alaggadupamasutttam) No. 22, "Business Central "episode 1. the story is that there are two monks standing before the river side of the river feel unsafe, across the river in peace and happiness, so that the two of you take the tree itself leaves the back of the raft, using it swim to the other side, when he arrived because of the grace life raft, so he did not abandon abandoned life raft to enjoy freedom and happiness, which he to hold the raft, or take it on your shoulders. This is the first attitude to the raft. Area Monday brethren to do the same to cross the river, but he did not because of the grace of life raft but by one way or the other to keep the raft, he definitively give up the raft at the line river, in order to live free and liberated. So in doing this so the Buddha said: "Dharma also be discarded case is illegal." The verse is repeated in the "Diamond Sutra". Through this story, it just makes sense for us to see, the first brethren are an example for those who left home to study Buddhism, he accomplished some certain legal, cocky mentality, or feel see the joy in the achievement of happiness, for that is so self-sufficient, thereby leading to a case of obstinate attitude, do not accept the counsel of others taught, so he had ignored meaning enlightenment and liberation in Buddhism. This is why the Buddha declared: "Dharma also be discarded case is illegal." This verse criticizing the obstinate attitude. In this two brethren praise Buddha monks disagreed second and intolerant attitude first taste brethren.Meaning that in the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism when it comes to evil is an extremist, a radical improvement as well; love is a radical, radical enlightenment is also a .... it was also mentioned in the same case. Leave this case to say that charity is extreme, nirvana, enlightenment ... is extreme, it it watch, lost in heresy.

Here, because the benefits of Dharma, I would like to present a few personal comments. When Dharma also refers cases to be thrown away is illegal, in which case he or she has reached high fruition, as the river to the other side and then left the boat or not talk left the boat, people can not be this river side discuss this issue, which will need to discuss how to create a boat, find the boat, grabbed the boat, the boat can not be discussed quit, because where is the boat? if not through the other side of that talk left the boat, he is permanently unable to reach the shore. Also, with new people in direct and basic teachings that even a beginner to understand religion to know, who was either accidentally or deliberately refused to learn, one way or the other how to dodge; he wanted to do the opposite of nesting, said subliminal sayings, expressions bizarre behavior, intentionally denote detachment attitude, confidently, aims to satisfy his lust. When people are born skeptics, the answer to question styled as an eel slithering bending, tried to ignore the issue, concealed by speaking Buddhist sayings beyond super team, makes the listener does not know what is right, what is wrong, what is good, what is evil. Whether people like it might be, how education teacher verbal or body so completely not true spirit of the Buddha, it is not only beneficial to the speaker, the listener, but the other is more harmful, more and more dangerous, it became the iconic bad, road barrier Dhamma preacher, especially humans and society today. Test it yourself at ourselves, first of 4 results Sravaka results showed that not talking discharge Sacred Buddha quit? This is an issue we need Buddhists attention and understand the problem. If each of us to understand and comply with the spirit of the Buddha education, each of the Buddhists is a solid brick building Dharma, Buddhism does not need any exhortations or slogans calling for the protection district legal, but still shine Dharma in the world, and the world of the Ashrama propagate Buddhism, Buddhist each of us is a preeminent preacher is said Dharma. By contrast, we are working together to subvert the Dharma rather than propagate Buddhism.

In short, if in Theravada mention two extremes are the two areas are bad, not good, as is the access to enjoy wild lust and austerity, in Mahayana Buddhism, the mention two anonymous extremist bigotry inner self. Was bigotry is on the form used is right or wrong, whether it is moral or immoral are also derived from the obstinate mind, so it is not under the delusion of wisdom. As Zen master Suzuki said: Was cuffed, even if it is made of iron or gold cuffs are both, can not say better golden handcuffs metal handcuffs. Therefore, the wise see the nature and function of the cuffs, so do not take the gold that took the handcuffs because his hands cuffed. Who are not as good and evil forms of obstacles, so he was freed, liberated people who know abandon the two extremes and live in the spirit of the Middle Way.This is a significant departure is the Middle Way dualistic.

6. Conclusion

Middle Way is very important ideologies of Buddhism. We thought this was the last known Mahayana Buddhism, Nagarjuna is uphold the "Madhyamika". However, ideological doctrine Middle Nagarjuna not wait to appear, it was appearing quite early experience of the Buddha practice. In the process of development of the Buddhist teachings have also been developed in that direction. Means through each different historical period, different issues and requirements of different humans, so significant Middle difference also.

If the Theravada Buddhist doctrine refers Middle Empire refers to the separation from two orgiastic lifestyle enjoyment of lust, and practice self-mortification, or avoids the two extremes that the world is permanent or eradicated, the Mahayana Buddhism to mention bigotry angle cognitive, psychological point of view belongs. If that drink, saying it's not immoral behavior, need to abandon them, but when the patient needs for treatment of alcohol, or the case to lie to help sentient beings, it is impossible precept drink or not lying, that need to drink to cure and need to lie to rescue sentient beings, his behavior was consistent with the spirit of the rule. In this case, no alcohol, no lie is bigotry. Because to break the bigotry of ignorance of people so the Buddha said: No good is an extreme but also a radical improvement, leave these two extremes is the Middle Way. This is the meaning Middle of Mahayana Buddhism.

In addition, there are significant causal First Middle or Middle Way that is not. In fact this sense is no different with the two meanings Middle Theravada and Mahayana, but the two concepts emphasized in the perception of the nature of the two extremes. For example, when we do not know the essence of the law is so graceful harmony that city, so we can produce bigotry is there or not, or often or paragraphs, so students suffer when they change, not true to his views. Conversely, if we see the essence of things are interdependent, so we do not have the true nature, is there or is not, so he can not accept, do not accept no. This disapproval is called the Middle Way, which is also known as First means no.END=NAM MO AMITABHA BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH GIAC TAM.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN AMITABHA PURELAND=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.30/10/2016.