2. Bodhgaya, Place of Buddha Enlightenment

(II)

 

Bodhgaya, Place of Buddha Enlightenment

 

1.1 How to go to the place:

Bodhgaya  (Bo-Gaya) located in the state of  Bihar , Patna from 105 km by road and 230 km by road Varsanasi.

1.2 The religious significance  (2), (16), (26)

Once ordained from the capital ( The Waiver Great ),  Bodhisattva  went to see two masters of asceticism is  Alara Kalama  and  Udakka Ramaputta , the teachers have to teach him the floor meditating enlightenment Formless Great.

Although the realm that's attained the highest realm at that time, but he is still not satisfied, because the realm that does not lead to the sleeping ( Nibbana ). After retiring from them, he turned to a  cave  on a hill deserted named  Dhongra Hill . There he practiced the ascetic practices in 6 consecutive years, painful and useless, leaving only a skeleton skinny and he was almost dead.

After realized  the futility of the religious right,  who decides to follow the Path of  the Middle Way  and began eating again to recuperate. Five other ascetics who you think people have started to give up and return to the enjoyment, so they have abandoned him.

Then the  Bodhisattva  began his struggle to find enlightenment. One day before the month Wesak Full Moon, while standing under a bowl bearing Banyan tree begging for food preparation, a young girl named  Sujata  had to offer dishes with rice porridge cooked with milk in a  golden plate . Sujata young woman is a child of one of the village chiefs  Senanigama  beside.

After the finished soup,  Bodhisattva  brought gold plate waterfront  Neranjara  (Ni-Union-Boat), and it says:

" If I can successfully become a Buddha, let this disc drifting upstream, but if unable to, let saucer downstream " .

Who threw the gold into the river plate. Saucer emerged between the river and drift upstream, is about 80 cubits (ie approximately 37m) then sank under the swirling water.

That evening, on the way  Bodhisattva  went to  the Bodhi tree , grass cutter named  Sotthiya  brought bunches of grass  Kusa  offered to  the Bodhisattva  to him as the seat of meditation under a tree Bodhi. Bodhisattva  sitting cross-legged lotus position, facing the  east,  who determined a heart and say that

" Though the skin, tendon, bone dry. Although meat and dried blood. I decided not to leave our seats until the realization of Buddha " .

Here is  the culmination  of the practice eventually  Finishing  ( Balaam bile )  that person has completed countless lifetimes ( aeons ). No sentient being, even the armies of Mara and his deadly, and impossible to make the Buddha disperse or leave this seat.

Seating  Aparajita  can not be shaken, can not be broken, Mara could not be destructive.

(Text  Aparajita : means " not be detrimental, not always been able to destroy the world ." Han Vietnam usually translated as: Seats " Ming Wang Infinite Power Wins ").

When Mara (Mara) to challenge and harass,  Bodhisattva  stretched out his right hand touched the earth and the earth shouted demonstrate  legal Finishing 30  ( Balaam density ) of people. Immediately, the earth rang out in,  shake  and distract Mara and Mara's army.

Then, the mind quiet and clean person, on a farm, he attained (1) Know Of Past Tri Luc ,  can remember, know their past lives behind and others,  in terms of  time  past, present, Future. (Sino-Vietnamese reading is: ' Additional Network Ming' ). 

At Canh two, right into midnight, he attained (2)  human visible Past, Present & Future ,  as seen clearly after their previous lives and others,  in terms of space . (Sino-Vietnamese reading is:  'Eye Ming' ).

And finally, on the third watch, he attained (3)  Tri can see the Cause and End Death and Life Path ,  no longer polluted and impure, no 'falling' into the realms of life and death anymore. (Sino-Vietnamese reading is: 'Take Ming Lau' ) -

Innumerable Advantages ▪ More States, Volume I of HT. Thich Thanh Tu.

☼ One  Parent College Buddha, Enlightenment  ( Samma-sambuddho ) have appeared on the earth at Wesak Full Moon Day of May in 588 BC .

 

1.3 Background History  (9), (27)                          

Bodhgaya  ( Bo-Gaya ) is where the highest enlightenment of the Buddha, is home to  the holiest  on earth for all Buddhists.

During the Buddha in the world, located on the shore landmarks  Neranjara  (Ni-Union-Boat) is called  Uruvela . Asoka  built the first temple in this holy place. A portrait of King Asoka Temple building and other premises were built in the area  Bodhgaya  was found in a bas-relief on the protection  Tower  Bharhut  Stupa  in Madhya, Pradesh.

Starting from the first visit by King Ashoka in 259 BC, countless pilgrims have constantly to worship  the cradle  of Buddhism throughout 2500 this past year. Then, while the relics to be ravaged by radical Islamic forces in the 13th century is the period of interruption of pilgrims to Bodhgaya.

Dharmasvamin , a Tibetan pilgrim visited Bodhgaya in 1234 AD. He saw the ruined landscape of this place and was recorded as follows:

" Just saw four monks remain (in the temple). One monk said: 'It is not good'. All fled in horror before Turushka army. They (the monks) sealing the front gate tower Great Bodhi (Mahabodhi) of brick and stucco tight seal. Nearby, they built a statue to replace. "

When Buddhism decline in India, Burman has come to save the Great Bodhi Stupa escape destructive hands. They repaired the Great Bodhi Stupa at least 3 times during the 14th century to the 15th century the last time repairs were the years 1472-1492.

Since then, Bo-Gaya has been forgotten and the Great Bodhi Stupa increasingly abandoned. With favorable conditions for the location, he Gosain Giri, a Hindu ascetic has built a Hindu temple at Bo-Gaya in 1590. The presence of this temple made Bo-De Dao Trang fall into the hands of Hindu Mahants, which is the non-Buddhist and non-Buddhist period begins.

Fifty years later, in 1861, Mr. Cunningham met the church's Mahants Hindus and followers held non-Buddhist rituals at the Tower of the Great Bodhi. Moreover, although the organization declared the Great Bodhi tower and surrounding land is theirs, but they never remodel this historic Stupa.

He ( Sir) Edwin Arnold , the author of the book 'Light of Asia' has visited the Great Bodhi Mahabodhi Tower in 1885 and has posted these rituals recounted in the newspaper  Daily Telegraph  in London are as follows:

"World Buddhism, really, forget the most sacred and the focus of most concern this- It is a Mecca, a Jerusalem congregation of millions of the East, when I save Buddhagaya (Bodhi Gaya) a few years ago. I feel so sad to see these farmers are Maharatta ceremony 'Sharaddh (or Shrada)' in that place, and thousands of precious relics of stone carvings in Sanskrit is piled around ".

●  Note :  Shrada a final funeral customs of the Hindus, the rituals, incantations and verses are sung instead of the dead, with the confidence that will liberate the soul from the world and will be reborn in heaven.

 

1.4 monks Anagarika Dharmapala & protector  Great Bodhi Society (Maha Bodhi)  (5), (23)

The struggle to regain control and take care of the Great Tower Bodhi by Buddhists started from January 22, 1891 after the monks  Anagarika Dharmapala  from Sri Lanka to visit Bodhgaya. Seeing this most sacred relic forgotten and offended, he promoted wishes:

"I will work for this sacred shrine to become the best care by the monks of us" .

The first step, he founded  the Great Bodhi Society  (Maha Bodhi Society) in Bo-Gaya on May 31, 1891 to mobilize support for its noble purpose. Then he invited the monks from Sri Lanka to stay in the Bo-Gaya, including: Mr.  Chandajoti , he  Sumangala , he  Pemmananda  and he  Sudassana . They came to the Bo-Gaya in July, 1891 and came back in the hotel Burma.

When mahant (Hindu ascetics, just who is running the Great Tower Bodhi) land holding ownership of the Bo-Gaya Bodhgaya, he has refused to accept the presence of the monks Buddhism, and in February, 1893, two monks were his men  severely beaten.

Two years later, in 1895, when he was trying to mount a Anagarika Dharmapala Buddhist images (Japanese Buddhists were offers made to him) to the upper deck of the tower, he was the mahant who  attacked  and  prevented . So he must bring home pictures of visitors to Burma. Mahant Hindus and Hindu organizations still did not and they tried to push pictures out of the hotel Buddha Burma, but the government has intervened.

In 1906, it filed a lawsuit mahant and sought to  expel the monks  from Burma Guest House. And this legal struggle between mahant Hindu and Buddhist monks have lasted until 1949, when the government of Bihar has a Management Act the Management Tower Buddha Gaya (Bo-Gaya) will are passed through  the Administrative Committee  of the government. Act 2 worth making objections, namely: Management Board consists of nine people, of which the majority is Hindu, Buddhist and other members of the committee must be an Indian. Although the Great Bodhi Society protested, Bill has been passed with an amendment of the Advisory Committee ( Advisory Board ) must have the majority are Buddhists and do not necessarily have to be an Indian. This means: The Buddhist who can only advise the Management Committee, but the final decision rests with the management rights of the Hindus !.

For Great Bodhi Society (Maha Bodhi Society), it is like a kind of sophistry, as the Tower of the Great Bodhi (Mahabodhi Temple) to  be managed by those elements are not Buddhists,  imagine see what if a mosque, a Catholic church, a 'Sikh Gurdwara' or Hindu temples to be controlled by people belonging to other religions.

In his article " vow is still there " at Sambodhi, 1996, Venerable Pannarama Mahathera, monks in charge of the Great Bodhi Society at the time, now deceased, had revealed an ironic truth is even Advisory Committee ( Advisory Board ) was thought to be composed mostly Buddhist people, but only 11 people, while the  non-Buddhists  account for up to 14 people !. It is time to have replaced the majority of the other non-Buddhist by the Buddhist majority, as the law was given before.

But the vows of monks that have yet to be met until today.

 

1.5 The need Visit Viengm Points (26), (27), (31), (32)

(1) Tower Thap Dai Dai Bo Gi-offer or evil ( Mahabodhi Temple )

Bodhi tower university has a long history. His excavations by Cunningham in 1872 showed that  3-phase  construction of this tower.

The first phase of works built by King Asoka in the 3rd century BC, known as the  Temple Bodhi ( Bodhi Shrine), as illustrated in bas-mounted Bharhut Tower  Stupa  in the 2nd century BCE.

The second phase of restoration works the original Bodhi Tower (Bodhi Shrine) is performed by two women are devout Buddhists  Surangi  and  Nagadevi , the wife of the King dynasty  Sunga .

The third phase is the construction of restoration projects due  Huviska , king of the kingdom  Kusana  to 2nd century AD. Buddha images were from this period. The temple tower was built to set the picture, this phenomenon. Mr. Cunningham said that the entire Great Bodhi Tower,  as seen today , mainly the work of King  Huviska  (years 111-138 AD). Since the tower was rebuilt on the basis of the original background Asoka tower, should  the Court Vajra  ( Vajrasana Throne ), position and meditating Buddha's Enlightenment, remains the same as the original.

In the 7th century, restoration work has been done and appends the basalt stone building on the old buildings with plaster. In the 19th century, the great restoration was carried out, under the supervision of professionals  Cunningham ,  Beglar  and  R . L . Mitra , restore Tower Bodhi, after centuries was destroyed by the Muslims and the neglect of the pagan mahant. Glorious works that we see today is the result of the  heart devout  and  contributions extremely rare .

Tower Great Bodhi course a glorious works and most prominent in the Holy Land area Bodhgaya (Bo-Gaya). High  52m , with total area of the square is part of the foundation  231 m2 , each square edge is  15.2 m2  (50 feet), including  a large tower  -style pyramid shape and  four small towers  located in the four corners, is the  model shrink  the large tower. ( H ình  9 ).

Main entrance facing east, outside the front gate is a stone gates built by King Asoka, very finely carved. The wall space of the 2 sides of the wall are carved Stupa of Buddha. Hall space agency ( Sanctum ) on the ground floor after passing through a walkway with   arch dome,  flanked  by stone staircase  leads to a smaller shrine is located on the first floor. Immediately after entering the University Hall, we will see even a gilded stone statue in a sitting position with his right hand to land (bhumi phassa-mudra) Day of Enlightenment.

Just watch the magnificent Buddha statues, the hearts of the pilgrims will certainly arise  joy  and  respect !. That is the outcome of  faith  and  religion reverence  of nguoihanhhuong in employment Phatla theoloi German counsel  "should come to visit and worship with devotion" .

Stone Buddha statue made of gilded  10th century  after BA. Here, the Buddha is depicted in a sitting position on the (pads)  cushions , instead of on a lotus. Cushions are placed on a pedestal greater length, thicker, thicker wall on which in turn carved lions, elephants. Sitting on cushions are common traits found in many forms, other Buddha statues in East India, could be a model of the statue. Many people have no idea that this statue was not placed here in the surrounding archaeological area Buddhagaya (Bo-Gaya) by the government of the British colony at the time. According to an article about "The Statue Sculpture Bo-Gaya at Sambodhi, 1993"  (Buddhagaya Sculptures in the Sambodhi, 1993) , RL Mitra was noted that the statue had been placed in the  area of mahant. Then his request of  Cunningham  and  Beglar , (the archaeologists conducting the great restoration, as mentioned above), the statue was moved through the set at the current location in the Hall. Through the merit and the intervention of two venerable man, the statue was placed in the right place at the Hall for the pilgrims later worship, instead of as previously neglected, wasted in the region of Hindu mahant.

 

 

(2) the Bodhi tree (Bodhidruma)

Tree  Bodhi  ( Bodhi ), where the Buddha sat under and attained Supreme Enlightenment, stood in the back of the Great Tower Bodhi. It is a tree All-Bat-La (of them  Ficus religiosa ), Pali tree called " assattha ", which means peace.

Legend has it that this tree grow at the same time Lord Buddha was born, as a kind of co-born (sahajata) of such person - (English:  co-natal ). According to several commentaries, also many different Buddha attained enlightenment while sitting under a tree, any tree that Buddha choose, and every tree that became the tree  of Bodhi , ie plants in the realm of Enlightenment that's Buddha.

In this realm, trees All-Bat-La became the Tree  of Enlightenment  , or Tree of  Bodhi and only  the Bodhi tree  of Gautama Buddha is revered. Monuments of  the Bodhi tree  is the same symbol for all the buddhas.

It is believed that nowhere in the world can  assist  to the majesty of the Buddha's Enlightenment. Soil here is very  solid ,  not shaken ,  moved  even when the earth shook the earth to chase Mara and his army came to challenge, to make your disruptive  Bodhisattva  must leaving  the seat  of Enlightenment. Even the King of Heaven  plan of the royal Sakka  horizontal well can not fly through the Bodhi tree. Supernatural gravity in that place called the center point or the  Navel of the Earth.

In ancient times kings and ordinary citizens have come to this place to worship the Bodhi tree. Because tree  Bodhi  became the object was honored by Buddhists, should naturally become the target plants destroyed by the vicious enemies of Buddhism.

According to Xuanzang,  the Bodhi tree to be cleared first by  King Asoka,  but later, the King regretted, has nurtured the  Bodhi tree  by watering aroma water and fresh milk in the roots. The King expressed deep devotion to the Bodhi tree, that a queen or king tide at the time of the  Tissarakkha , became jealous of  the Bodhi tree  and the tree destroyed sneaky . King continued to revive the plant. Then the King to build 3m high wall around the tree to protect.

After the fall of the dynasty Maurya Empire in the 2nd century BC, the King of the Sunga dynasty,  Pusyamitra,  the torturers Buddhism, again destroyed  the Bodhi tree . But an own seedlings  Bodhi tree  was originally brought from Ceylon, and replanted that place right now.

In the 6th century AD,  Sasanka , a Hindu king, to cut down  the Bodhi tree ,  but then, a seedling of  the Bodhi tree  was brought from Ceylon and replanted by the King  Purvavarma  of water Magadha (Ma-out-momentum), and he also had to build high walls to fence 7.3m  Bodhi tree  again. Only remaining wall 6.1m when Xuanzang visited in history.

By 1876,  the Bodhi tree  was old fallen during a storm and a tree of the  Bodhi tree  is replanted immediately the old place by Him  Cunningham Up to now,  the Bodhi tree  was 135 years old.

 

(3) The Court Vajra (Vajrasana)

Diamond Court (Vajrasana) between Tree  Bodhi  Bodhi and Great Tower. This point marks the true even when the seat of the Buddha attained Supreme Enlightenment. Currently, this site is danhdau bangmot sandstone rocks 2.3m long, 1.3m wide and 0.9m thick ( H ình  10 ).

The holy pilgrims arriving vantage point (full protection concept) should take the time to contemplate the virtues of the Buddha to grow to the full  faith  and  peace  have been through  mindfulness  to develop intelligent wisdom Iron.

 

(4) Stay 7 Property Buddha after enlightenment

After enlightenment of Buddha on May Wesak Full Moon night, until dawn, Buddha silently cried glad song, joy and fulfillment. He decided to continue to sit on the Court Vajra (Vajrasana), seat unbeaten and won the previous night battle with Mara and he had wonderful success every previous wishes, including the Buddha's great vows.

It is time all the earth to heaven, people still remember to this day. And then, the Buddha fasted for seven weeks and always stay below and around the area near the tree root  Bodhi.

 

(I) First Week: Buddha  Sitting Meditation On Diamond Court (Pallanka Sattaha)

During the seven days of the first week, the Buddha sat in one position, to experience the bliss of emancipation. After 7 days, the peacefulness out there and thinking about the  Theory of Dependent Origination  (Paticca samuppāda) throughout the night.

(II) Week Monday: Buddha looking at the Bodhi tree (Animisa Sattaha)

In the second week, to express profound gratitude to the Bodhi tree had sheltered him during meditation to the director, he had stood intently watching the Bodhi tree for a week without glance ( Animisalocana ). Later, the place, Asoka had erected a commemorative tower called  Animisalocana Cetiva  and so far still. ( Figure 11 )

(III) Week Three: Take Action Buddha Meditation (Cankama Sattaha)

During the third week, the Buddha walking up and down in the road near the Bodhi Tree, later known as the " Sugar Business Administration Ngoc Bau " ( Ratana Cankamana : jewel meditation path). ( Figure 12 ).

( IV ) Week Wednesday: Buddha Dwell In Electrical Protection (Ratanaghara Sattaha)

In the fourth week, the Buddha meditating in retreat, called  "Amen" (Ratanaghara:  the rooms by means jewel, in the sense of "the precious room") to reflect on  Abhidhamma  ( Abhidhamma), philosophical discourse on the Absolute Truth, involving extreme categories and matter (mind and matter).

While Buddha contemplating the profound philosophical treatise on magic is Dependent ( Patthana , English: Conditional Relations), The joy and arise  is great joy  in cvuaR person omniscient mind, do  luminescent colors inside the body , scriptures noted that, mind and body the glowing  halo six colors  - green, yellow, white, red, pink and light combination of 5 colors.

Failure of Bao location is marked by a Power Tower, in front of a stone tablet inscribed record where Buddha sat and meditated on thuyetNhan Coast ( Patthana ). Electrical tower also located within the Great Bodhi Tower, adjacent to the north of Beijing Administrative Ngoc Bau Street (Cankama). ( Figure 13 ).

(V ) Week Thursday: Buddha Seated Under Banyan Tree Ajapala Nigrodha (Ajapala Sattaha)

In the fifth week, the Buddha sitting under a Banyan tree Ajapala to meditate on Dharma and instill happiness of liberation. (Ajapala means "place of the goatherd".

Banyan Tree is a banyan tree, this tree is where the local goat herders often sit while letting the goats graze). On weekends, when he made out his superpower status, there is a Brahmin conceit (Huhumka Jakita) approached and asked him "to stand in any way and what conditions he could become a saint (Brahmana)? ". Buddha replied, and pointed out the qualities required of a Brahmin should true.

Position this monument is marked by a stone tablet mounted billboard concrete columns, engraved memorial notes. ( Figure 14 ).

(VI ) Week Friday: Buddha Sitting Under Tree Mucalinda (Mucalinda Sattaha)

Sixth week, the Buddha sitting under the tree to  Mucalinda , named after king snake (plant family  Barringtonia acutangula).  At that time, it was  stormy, dark cold wind  lasted for seven days.

Legend has it that, Mucalinda, King Snake from under the lake comes up, use the Buddha's body wrapped around mine and take the Buddha to cover your head to protect, defend him. Position monument is also Ao Mucalinda (Ao king snake) today, in the south and near the Tower Great Bodhi. ( Figure 15 ).

(VII ) Week Saturday: Buddha Sitting Under Tree Rajayatana (Rajayatana Sattaha)

Seventh week, the Buddha sitting under the tree to  Rajayatana , ( belonging to Buchanania latifolia ) University Tower Bodhi. There were two merchant named  Tapussa  and  Bhallika  from Ukkala (Orissa) offerings to the Buddha offered sticky rice cake and honey.

After Buddha finished meal meal, the two men bowed at his feet and begged for refuge to the  Buddha  and  the Dhamma his. They became a lay Buddhist  First , take refuge in the Buddha & French ( Bao Nhi ) .After that time, the Buddha put his hand on his head and took  8 hair  to donate his first two Buddhists. Later, the two brothers returned to Burma with hair precious relics, hair relics later it was placed in the temple worship  Shwedagon Pagoda ( H ình  16 ). in Yangon. Position this monument, in the South Tower of the Great Bodhi, is marked by a stone tablet mounted billboard concrete columns, engraved memorial notes.

 

(5) The Relic Of Ms. Sujata Kuti

Before the Enlightenment, the  Bodhisattva  was near the riverbank  Neranjara  (Ni-Union-Crew) in caves  Dungeswari this .Hang above a hill, named  Hill Dhongra , a Portuguese-Gaya about 1 hour walk.

After spending 6 years ascetic painful and useless, he decided to follow the Middle Way and started walking toward  Uruvela Forest  near the village  Senanigama . Here, we can see the ruins " House of the c cell Sujata ", located on a small ribbon.

In the village, we can also visit a  shrine , in the shadow of a Banyan tree, which has statues depicting  Ms. Sujata  is offering milk rice porridge  Bodhisattva  on the day of the night he became Buddha enlightenment. ( H ình  19 ).

 

(6) Forest Uruvela

This area, which was forest, now an area overgrown trees, near the Shrine of Sujata.

Here, we can see a monument built with a shallow wells. ( H ình  20 ). It is believed to be 'fire pit' of three brothers Kassapa  Kassapa , the bun Jalita fire worship to  one thousand students . Here, the Buddha also has welded for a snake, lurks in the fire pit.

The brothers win Kassapa (Kassapa  Uruvela ) took more time. Buddha had to use psychic powers to persuade and transform  Jalita  fire worship. After Uruvela Kassapa (Sino-Vietnamese reading: Pros-term-frequency-speakers Ca-lettuce) became a disciple of the Buddha, 2 brothers,  Nadi  and  Gaya , and their disciples also followed. After hearing the Buddha preached the  Beijing Railway , a thousand monks teachers newly life in the Sangha has all become Arhat.

 

(7) Pragbodhi, Place  Bodhisattva  practice asceticism 6 years

Before the Enlightenment,  the Bodhisattva  has the right bank of the river Neranjara (Ni Contact Kien) in a forest near  Pragbodhi , front hill Bodhi ( Bodhi ).

Legend has it that he lived in a small cave called  Dungeswari , sideways up a hill slope. After practice of asceticism, mortification 6 years, he decided to follow the Middle Way, and to the woods near the village Uruvela Senanigama, ie Bakraur village today.

We climb a steep section leads to a small temple called  Wat Caves Dungeswari  by Tibetan monks to look after. Inside the cave Dungeswari, ( H ình  18 ), there is a statue of  Bodhisattva  with the only remaining body bones, after 6 years of mortification, asceticism.

Pragbodhi hill (lots of monuments on but small mountain, it is called the hill) today called  Hill Dhongra , ( H ình  17 ), a village north-east about 1 mile (1.6 km), a about 30 minutes drive to Rajgir (the United-amnesty).

 

(8) The Temple & Monastery in Bodhgaya  ( Bo-Gaya )

Bodhgaya  (Bo-Gaya) was the cradle of Buddhism. Trongkhu approximately 15km2 area, but in this one small area to 30 monasteries and establishments representing many Buddhist countries in the world, in a small Buddhist community here.

A visit to the temple here  helps us understand  Buddhism is practiced in various countries like, according to their local culture, which is still in accordance with the Dharma.

There is also a center for Vipassana  Vipassana , such as the Temple of Burma ( Burmese Vihara)  and  the International Zen Center .

List the name, the temples, Buddhist monasteries and Buddhist establishments listed in Programs Souvenir eighth Buddha Mahotsav 1999 under alphabetical order as follows:

Sangha All India (All India Bhikkhu Sangha), the  Buddhist Cultural Center Asia  (Asian Buddhist Culture Centre), Temple of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Temple), Management Bo-Gaya (Temple Management Committee Buddhagaya), Temple Burma (Burmese Vihara), Chinese Temple (Chinese Temple), Temple  Japanese Tripitaka ( Buddhist Temple Japanese Daijokyo), France Zen Center Enlightenment (Dhamma Bodhi Meditation Centre), Foundation Charity Drikyug (Drikyug Charitable Trust), Druk Thupten Choeling Nawag Temple, Temple Japan Indosan Nipponjee (Indosan Nipponjee Japanese Temple), International Meditation Centre (International Meditation Centre), Temple Jambunad Vihar, Karma Temple pagoda, Temple, Korea, Great Bodhi Society (Maha Bodhi Society ), Di-Lac Project (Maitreya Project), Nav Bauddha Vihar temple, Wat Panch Sheela Vihar, Root Institute for Wisdom Culture (Root Institute for Wisdom Culture), the Royal Pagoda Bhutan (Bhutan Royal Temple), Sakya Monastery (Sakya Monastery), Cultural and Welfare Association on Bodhi (Welfare and Cultural Society Sambodhi), Monastery Shechen Monastery, Temple, Taipei (Taiwan Temple), Temple Nepal Tamang Temple, Bharat Society of Thailand (Thai Bharat Society) , Thailand Bodhi Kam Temple, Temple, Tibet (Tibetan Temple), Central Trailokya Centre, Vietnam Quoc Tu Temple and Thai Temple (Wat Thai). END=NAM MO AMITABHA BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH GIAC TAM.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.23/2/2017.