Basic Buddhist Studies-Volume Two

Part II – lesson 1

A brief history of Indian Buddhism after the Buddha

 

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Led type

From India, Buddhism was widely circulated and became one of the major religions of humanity. India is the origin of Buddhism should learn the history of Buddhism in India, became an important issue in the field of Buddhist studies.
At the beginning of the first school year program (see episode 1 PHCB), we have been introducing the history of the Buddha Sakyamuni, after that we have also been studying the basic problems. Therefore, the next here, we will learn about the history of Buddhism in India after the Buddha kill speed, through three periods: the period of primitive Buddhism (Theravada), the period of The Buddhist sect (Abhidhamma), and Buddhist period of development (Mahayanà).

Content

A. the period of primitive Buddhism
The period of primitive Buddhism (Theravada) is calculated from the time of the Buddha at the moment after You kill at about a hundred years. As stated, the history in the period of the Buddha in the world, we have been learning in the history section, so here are just a few review feature on organizing the Church of primitive Buddhist era and featured events is the Conference first classic episodes in history.
I-about church organization
The Church of the time the Buddha has had enough of four of them is Increasing, women and residents of southern Ni, CU; formation of the two components is published and in the home. The Church, founded by the Buddha, organization and operating directly; with the German reputation and his great wisdom, should the church be ingenious organization, is an organic unity body, always put the target practice to reach liberation, enlightenment. Especially, the Sangha (the unions) have the presence of various food poisoning symptoms the result (1). The Church was organized on the basis of equality, respect, intellectual precepts of the convent; irrespective of the social composition, age and gender.
Even so, the Church still has some Male stilts live disobedience Act, deliberately divisive Church, as in the case of the Female Threads on stilts She Hit Da (Devadatta)-cousin of the Buddha – that historical record...; outside, there were the Pagan's offensive against the truth that the Buddha has declared and advocates of the church because He led, but the Church still featured the purity and harmony.
About the doctrine, the Buddha is the person directly taught to the disciples. Every issue of skeptical with regard to the practice, the law ... are You resolve a specific way, apparently on the basis of intelligence that You experience, should not have the contradictions, disagreements happen in the Church in General and the Sangha said separately. Can the church organization, said the time of the Buddha is a complete organization, performance, and most pure, all members live in the spirit of gender-determined-wisdom, the same honor himself the Buddha's Enlightenment has ascended into the great wisdom, worthy of the master of the Sun and the people.
After the Buddha, kill the fake Religious Ðại Ca Romaine (Maha Kassapa) replaced Mr. Church leaders, Holy in the Church increased component presence more so characteristic of the Church, as mentioned above, was retained until the Conference finals classic second episode, about a hundred years after the Buddha kill speed new, disputes about stiff laws, taken to the distinction of the church organization.
II-meeting the first classic collection
1)-the reason the episode:
After the Buddha kill speed not long ago, seed of the tournament and the disagreement on his word teaches gradually arose in the Church. This is no surprise, because when the Buddha in the world, his lectures are only word of mouth which is not documented; and France which He said is legal indeterminacy, according to basic, level of each person, group of people. The method of preaching very flexible, so the perception of Buddhist content disagreement is of course. In addition, when the Buddha, kill the news or have a Bhikkhu stilts Bohemian ring celebrates that from now no longer bound by the reminder of the Buddha: "this should do", "the other thing not to do" ... This word came to the ears of false Religious Ðại Ca Romaine. Reality, false Religious fears that the Dharma that The World could be teaching Respect and vandalism in the future, should the fake Religious role as head of the Buddha, has urgently summoned the Holy disciples, to review the word of Buddha and the consolidation of the Sangha. After this, call this Hộại Summit classic aggregation.
2)-progress and results:
The Conference the first classic episodes due to the false Religion out of aromatic herbs, King advocates A Shift Soap (Ajatasatu) ruled the country Ma Da Masterpiece (Maggadha) sponsors; held in the United Kingdom (Rajagaha) Property, with the participation of five hundred official arahats under fake Australian Religious leader Ca Romaine. False religion A Nan (Ananda) in charge of the litigation claim, false Religious Favor Three Li (Upali) declared that litigation law section. There are records that document, the meeting took place during the seven months.
The method is set to coincide with the Court memories (2), is not yet documented. What are the arahats settled, later recorded as four sets of A function (Agama):
1. A Business function (Digha agama)
2. A Central Economic function (Majjhima agama)
3. An economic Increase For A function (Anguttara Nikaya agama)
4. A Junk Business function (Samyutta agama)
Content intended to revise the theory and practice of the Buddha along them Holy disciples. In this episode, the Conference only just formed and Vinaya. This is the LU is viewed as the most ancient documents record the life of the Buddha and the Church's living time Lord in the world, is the basis for the Buddhist thought of the original period.
This Conference, later also known as "Active aggregation encyclopedia" (classical aggregation Conference of five hundred arahats).
B. the period of The Buddhist sect
The period of The Buddhist sect here is used as the historical divergence concept, only for the period of the beginning of differentiation into two sets, then from two further differentiation and formation of eighteen ministries, more news about the top hundred in the last hundred years Monday to Wednesday after the Buddha destroyed (II century after TL). In this period also took out the classical aggregation Conference last Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. Leave for the track, first of all we will learn about the classical aggregation Conference next, then will go into the situation of the distinction the Ministry dispatched a specific way.
I-The classical aggregation Conference last Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday
1)-classical aggregation Conference a second time:
a/-the reason the episode:
Classical aggregation Conference second place after the Conference the first episode about a hundred years. The Conference brought to the cause of the classic episode this time because some of Bhikkhu stilts Property Phệ city Li (Vesali) proposed ten things not in the Act by the Buddha, but they themselves deem legitimate. Ten things that include:
1. Match: food salting to how the night is still used.
2. net: Only can eat too noon a bit, around the time the Sun ball drivers as long as the two fingers.
3. Convergence time Club: eat more again if to other villages not yet midday.
4. the head of the net: , slapped at it.
5. spare parts Italy: nh ng decision was passed, though the majority or minority, are in effect.
6. the nine universes: habit precedent still is not contrary to the Act.
7. B. harmony: after noon, can drink water mixed with milk.
8. Any useful flood net forums: nuns is located around the border without tools, you can use a larger gauge.
9. Glass: wine mixed with water can be used for drinking in case of healing.
10. Kim NET money: in case of need, Bhikkhu stilts can keep the money.
At the time, have a name Property Skin elders (Yasa), traveled to the Property Phệ Li (Vesali), witnessed some of Bhikkhu stilts live according to the above, He was surprised and he brought to the public statement that ten things on is completely illegal. The Bhikkhu stilts that react to him and forcing Religious Property leather must repent in public, but the fake Religious disapproval and fled back to Qiao Di (Kosambi) Bonus and then go the stadium Increased elders Conference and old classic aggregation to settled French and non-French Chief Justice.
b/progress and results:
The Conference assembled on this classic episode seven hundred Bhikkhu stilts, held in the Property Phệ Li (Vesali) in about eight months. The Conference has appointed to preside eight highly increased delegation, four in the West and four in the West.
Four located in the West include:
1. Mr. Li Ba Da (Revata)
2. Mr. Tam Phu Da (Sambhùta)
3. Mr. Da Dormitories (Yasa)
4. Mr. Tu Ma Na (Sumana)
Four in the East include:
1. Mr. Qu Tu Da Fin Soap (Khùjjasobhita)
2. Mr. Sha Liu (Sàtha)
3. Mr. Bodhisattva old lady (Vàsabhagàmi)
4. Mr. Bodhisattva Ca Mi (Sabhakàmi)
The purpose of the meeting the second set not merely to the settled ten things (stated) is illegal or legal, but also to bolster the economy, the law of Buddha, do not let the tea mix into pagan doctrine. About "ten illegal thing", the Conference has not had the perspective. Some Eastern Bhikkhu stilts disagreeing that ten things on is illegal and he held a private aggregation Conference and established Australian them Ministry (Mahàsamghika); of the remaining elders for that ten things on is completely illegal continues the work of the classic episodes, then form into Theravada (Theravada).
As such, the featured article in the Conference volume second classics is marked the beginning of the distinction of the church organization. The Church Rises the elder after the Conference, officially classified into two sets with the opposing views about the world of law. Theravada includes the minority elders tend to be conservative, we set Out the majority of the Bhikkhu young stilts tends to radical.
Classical aggregation Conference last Monday, there is place called "Property Phệ Li (Vesali) the file" or "file links" Cypress Interior.
2)-meeting the third classical collection:
a/-the reason the episode:
Buddhism is increasingly being widely circulated on many parts of the territory of India. Especially, under the reign of Ashoka (Asoka), because the King's devout Buddhist should be great incentives. Increase, Ni becomes crowded, which has no less an attacker the opportunity to infiltrate unions increase the elderly and caused dissension, therefore, Buddhism became chaotic, difficult to distinguish the Chief Justice, TA. This is also the time that the Ministry dispatched fertilizer. Reality as such, who played Ashoka initiate and sponsor for the Conference the third classic episode in the history of Buddhism.
b/progress and results:
The composition of this Conference consists of a thousand elite tank are selected from across the country, under the fake Religious leader God Tu Contact Items (Moggaliputta Tissa), held in forest park (Uyyàna), United into A (Pataliputta), Ma Da Masterpiece (Maggadha), about 218 years after the Buddha's removal, news about 325 years ago TL. The Conference took place in nine-month net to decay. As more data then no different aggregation methods several times before.
After the Conference, in addition to the Vinaya and training, he has composed the Union of God Tu Item the Theory (Kathàvatnu) to highlight the differences between Buddhism and the pagan doctrine, aimed against the Catholic definition of the contemporary Pagan, eliminate the chaos in the Increase and reinforce the inherent in the light of the Dharma. Dew point of classical aggregation Conference last Tuesday was the first time, the tripiṭaka scriptures were formed piecemeal.
3)-classical aggregation Conference last Wednesday:
Classical aggregation Conference last Wednesday took place in the reign of King Nị (Kanishka) Ka Identity Shifts. There are many histories recorded on different dates, but the most reasonable was about four hundred years after the Buddha's removal, this was the last stage of the fertilizer.
a/-the reason the episode:
The King of American Nị Sac Ca (Kanishka) is the intensive Buddhist beliefs, are keen to learn the Catechism. Legend, every day the King has sometimes provided a Boost to the preaching. However, teachers who have the word of Buddha dissent award should the King very hesitant. Enacted by the suggestion of Rape Ton (Parsva), the King has run the Center for classical aggregation Conference last Wednesday.
b/progress and results:
The Conference has a selection of five hundred scholars information tripiṭaka Holy Church from around in the water, do you Like (Vasamitra) as the first Chairman and Mr Rape Ton (Parsva) as the second. The Conference held in essential Forestry (Samgharama Kundalavana) completed the campus, Kamistra water. This Conference has been discussed very thoroughly the meaning as well as other issues of business and law. The results of the Conference, in addition to business and law, the issues discussed are edited into three sets of reviews (Pros She Threads, Fin Fin Skin Complaint She Sa and A Bhikkhu to hit Ma Ðại Bhikkhu Mrs. Sa) consists of nine hundred sixty thousand words (thirty thousand post litigation).
The King of American Nị Sac Ca ordered carved the entire business, law, the conclusion after having editorial up on the copper leaves, strict preservation in a fixed place, anyone wishing to research reading in place, absolutely not to carry out. However, this early treasures is lost, only the part like the comment A Bhikkhu to hit Ma Ðại Bhikkhu Ba Sa (Abhidharma Mahavibhasa sastra) that Mr. Xuanzang was translated to Chinese characters, comprises two hundred volumes.
II. Distinction of the sect
1)-causes of distinction:
Cause to start distinction derived sets include many elements, but can be classified into two, which is the cause and the cause directly.
a/-cause:
As we know, the Dharma is the real laws, depending on basic cognitive ability that has the comments disagreements about it award. At the time of the Buddha, the disagreement never Mr. neutralize a peaceful way. After You kill level, no one can replace his role, and the seed of the fertilizers, which gradually grew up, becomes strident and taken to the Division of the sect.
Plus, Buddhism increasingly being widely circulated throughout India but have yet to have a Center for elderly Rise-the church together, the Saints falling in turn dies, the social situation changes, from the difference that can be brought to the point of disagreement the opposition, even in the perception of the word of the Buddha.
b/-the direct cause (major):
According to the histories of Buddhism then cause the Division of the Church into two and set them Out is by dissent about ten things (illegal), as mentioned in the Conference the classic second episode, about a hundred years after the Buddha's removal.
The Northern Buddhist document transmission, such as the comment a tribe (3), written in about the middle of the second century after the TL, is that because disagreement on the years that Mr. Ðại (Mahadeva) (the Australian) yet should the church split into two and out of them. Five things that he promoted Natural Australian are summarized in the following shelves:
"Residual property example, senseless,
Hesitation, tha ghost type,
DAO thanh personnel tried to run,
List a foot of Buddhism "
Means:
(1) A La Han Ranks but has sections take off negativity but because the humiliation stems should still be physiological phenomena in the dream of fascinating mobile (Residual property example).
(2) A La Han piece take ignorance but not know all things in secular life (senseless).
(3) A La Han Chinese but no longer hesitant about the path of liberation, but is still hesitant about the harmless things, such as how are reasonable, that there shall be no (hesitation).
(4) There have been Prime evidence A La Chinese sometimes have to thanks to Buddha or Master Chief ranks new guide know I had food poisoning (tha ghost type).
(5) A La Chinese tastes Gnostic thanks to sound theory, including the theory of gauge and gauge coal (Dao thanh personnel tried to run).
And he is so Natural for An absolutely right with Dharma (Buddhist mailing A leg).
In fact what Mr. Qian raised the Australian is aiming to compare the results of Buddha and A La Han, Mr. concept that only the new Buddha is perfect, also A La Han still defective. This concept has stimulated the disagreement. The Group advocated setting up An opposition group, sets them up.
The South point of the transmission is that the distinction is Church from disagreement about "ten illegal thing", so is the disagreement on precepts; Meanwhile in North point, the tv said that the cause is from the opposing viewpoint on "the Australian team Angel", and this is a disagreement about religion. In General, the direct cause of distinction, the Church, initially due to a disagreement about the application of Act is more suitable; also disagreement in opinion about the doctrine, in particular through the "five out of the Heaven" also are covertly, then died.
Later, when we walk Out and Theravada has the distinction more many, from many different causes, how will specifically mentioned in the next section.
2)-evolution of the distinction on the meaning and characteristics of the sect:
About dating place distinction the Ministry, there are currently two main bases. According to Buddhism, the historical distinction of both the faction took place after Buddha kill about one hundred years to more than two hundred years. Buddhist tv North then noted: our Australian pastoralist culture the Ministry sent out about after Buddha kill from a hundred years up to two hundred years; fertilizers derived sets dates from Theravada took place later, in about the Buddha after removal from two hundred to three hundred years.
Of the total number of the factions have to much evidence: there where the sect has 24 speaking is all, there where burn is only 18 or 20 faction sets the sect, and the name also sometimes possible disagreement. Here, based on Hetero concrete conclusion (4) for the total number of the sect is twenty (20).
a/-distinction from our Australian walk:
We have set out the internal differentiation takes place first of all. As we all know, we have set Out radical tendencies, Freethought should always have internal seed of distinction, especially when new problems arose.
The center of our Australian walk Hong put in Exposed Soap Central (Amgotara), central India. We have set out four times before, fertilizer is composed of nine ministries, including the root. As of early consistent meanings of myths treatise Freemasons Clam notes of Mr. Foot Soles (5), then in the US at the nearest Australian are popular ideas of the Nikaya as United, Nirvana, Man Wins, Ma, Kim Quang Minh, Uncivil ..., in the opinion of the internal support but also the response, and the result is here We have set Out from feces, and formed three more new Ministry is For the theory, and the theory of world export Stats headed the Ministry.
* For the theory (Ekavyavahàrikah) advocated that the legal world and the world is pretending, no entities.
* Export world Theory (Lokottaravàdinàh), the French concept of the world is due to the idea that there's hope, the hope that was born out of negativity, because impurities that create karma, so that Zhao feel bitten. Because from hope Island crazy idea that there should be legal world are damaged and pretending. This Ministry only acknowledged the French new world has, since it was kicked up from the scene and the true position.
* Stats headed (Kankkutikàh) set the value conclusion. They said that the Tibetan economy and Vinaya is the reason the Buddha means basic option theory, only the conclusion of the new organ is the true teachings because it explained the meaning of the law and economics.
Times a second, from Australian fertilizers we set back the split formed a Ministry again is almost all text (Bàhusrutiyàh), led by Mr Y (Yajnavalkya) initiated. Legend, the Buddha has the hermit mark Y, after producing countries according to the Buddha, the result A La Han, and then on the snowy mountain seclusion. About two hundred years after the Buddha destroyed again in Central level Exposed Beams-the heart of our contemporary sets Out-this tv set listening kernel tripiṭaka with meaning in Hoang crude should He founded unto him the text to mean profound commendation of the Dharma. Almost all the literature did not agree with advocates of Ðại them for that all lyrics are Buddha Zhuan Falun, which the concept has only five (impermanence, suffering, not, anatta and nibbana) and bowl of legitimacy is the new Zhuan Falun; the teachings of the Buddha is the only Holy Catholic Church in the world, France.
False doctrine (Prajnàptivadinàh) is the result of a fourth distinction from them, so he sets Out An American Fried Land (Mahakatyayana) in Da LAT in Australian waters (Maharattha) established. Novel pretend there is Roman Catholic Holy discernment stance include several levels: by the Buddha set theory, the theory of honest, meaningful relative, absolute sense; the legal world and the world has a part as a theory.
Once fertilizer Wednesday, from our Australian Ministry divided and founded three sets is the maximum of the paint (Caityasailàh), Xishan stay (Aparasailàh) and Northern Shan stay (Uttarasailàh). Causes of this distinction is, about the second hundred years after the Buddha's last kill, they walk Out was the incentive should have more layman infiltrate the ranks Increase elderly, including not a few who study smoothly tripiṭaka classics. When this organization sets the type of this component to the screening out of the Union, then there is a group of about three hundred men led by Bhikkhu stilts Ðại Natural leader not been expelled, gathered at the mount, to bring the Cpc Regime "the Australian team Angel" came out to argue, because of dissent should again subdivided into three the name of the faction, known as the base as seen above.
In summary, the distinction of them can set Out simplified according to the following diagram:

Out of them the	1. For the theory	Differentiation of times I
	2. how the production Theory
	3. you want me the Stats
	4. Almost all the text	Fertilizer times II
	5. pretend Theory	Fertilizer times III
	6. paint the multi Mode	Fertilizer times IV
	7. Tay son stay the
	8. North paint stay the

b/-distinction from Theravada:
While they walk out of the fertilizer, the Theravada, with hard-line tendencies, the lineage should remain in harmony and uniformity. However, under the impact of distinction from our Australian Ministry as well as the change of the social conditions, the first hundred years came third behind Buddha kill speed, internal of Theravada arose the disagreements of opinion for the tripiṭaka and begin the process of differentiation. A total of eight times to divide all ten formation, a collection (including the original: Theravada = Snowy Mountain foot).
As we all know, the Theravada Tibetan Scriptures seriously advocates that the law often views and conclusions. Because the law is due to the Buddhist concept of this discretionary mechanism base, comment, only to explain law and Economics so often go far from the truth of the word of the Buddha, only business is Mandarin resources, is the basis for all sizes. But to the hundreds of years after Buddha's third removal, this concept is no longer unanimous in the sect. In members of the Theravada had a group of people by sexual orientation private attorney, prominent is Mr. Ca Da Ni E Performance (Katyayaniputra), advocated strong conclusion, multiply the disagreements on this group should be separated and established for the organic Theory (Saivàstivàdàh), referred to as the Owner the the other, also known as the theory of personality (Hetuvàdàh). The property after the establishment of the Mainland have great prestige, constitute the bases must be original and Theravada weak gradually, moving the base to the snowy mountain and then renamed into the Snowy Mountain (Haimavàtàh), but the essence is the main content of the Theravada. The basic point of the special team Ownership means the concept is all the French are really useful.
From the Organic fertilizers and the establishment of more independent from Prince (Vatsipatriyàli). Independent from death (Vatsiputra) is the name of the server that disciples of La La (Lahula), Pharyngeal Rahu La was a student of Mr. Symbolism Echo (Sariputra). The order still advocated high organ treatise, but differences with the Owner is only based on the French aggregates student commentary legend because he and symbolism Develop.
Then, because of the dissent in the interpretation of an article says about the four shelves (6) in his treatise and symbolism Develop, use perspectives have experienced Italian supplementary additional means for independent from the back shelf to which article the death differentiation and established four more sets of independent denominations is the upper French River system (Dharmottariyàh) Gentler stay (Dhadrayàniyàh), Chief Justice of the (Sammitiyàh) and Lin Shan (Sandagirikàh). Apart from the disagreement point in explaining the shelf post as mentioned above, four sets of this sect have a general definition is still the same strong conclusion.
About three hundred years after the Buddha kill speed, back from the Organic fertilizer and founded a sect is assisting the Ministry of Culture (Mahìsarakàh). This sets up the name front dispatched according to the name of the server (Head of chemistry), he Turned Its resources was a Brahmin understood four of da, then export the certificate and Organic food poisoning by A La Han, he often uses his exhibition advertising knowledge to interpret the word of Buddha and is a group of people agree so has separated the Ownership and the establishment of a separate faction.
From the local Ministry of Culture continues, with French Organ differentiation (Dharmaguptakàh). France-organ (Dharmagupta) is the name of the server, say the disciples of fake Religious Maudgalyayana (Moggallàna). At the fake Religious Maudgalyayana born money, You usually follow his master and was listening to the fake Religious preaching. After his teacher, Mr. President, are in the memories of that lecture and divided into five economic, law, is comment, and bodhisattva. His comments have been home to some of the places of Culture and then split into a set of independent denominations.
Owner, later, still continue to fertilizer twice. In the ranks of Property sets have a Bhikkhu stilts certified results A La Han called Wet (Kàsyapa), one day He declared that, the words Buddha compounded of two types: a to treat afflictions, and one is to point out the instability of the pagan doctrine. Mr Quang is under Moist, and then founded the Optical Moisture (Kàsyapiyàh), named Him to name calling to the Ministry.
The Property arose in the perspective view of business the new organ is the most important teachings, such as the stance of Theravada before, this also means that conflicts with the Owner, from which established a Ministry of the independent faction took the name of the Sutra (Sautràntikàh), also named the transfer Theory (Samkràntivàdàh). This is the last fertilizer in your system.
In summary, the progress of the distinction the Ministry dispatched from the Theravada can be summarized in the following schema:

Theravada	1. the most useful theory Theory, (Owner) (I)	3. Independent from the death (II)	4. the upper French Ministry (III)
			5. head office the Sage (III)
			6. the Chief of the (III)
			7. paint the provisional Security (III)
		8. place the Chemistry (IV)	9. France Ministry of ttạng (V)
		10. optical Moisture sets (VI)
		11. the (VII)
	2. Snow painting Kit (= Theravada) (I)

(I, II, III ... VII is the symbol of fertilizers hits)

c/-Australian point about the definition of the Catholic sects:
From the dissent of precepts (approved and not approved for "ten illegal thing"), the Church has turned out two stools, and is out of them. On the basis of the distinction of organizing congregation, in addition to the similarities in the basic problem, the two sets above have gradually formed a number of differences in the perception of the great wall, the French tu, taste proof food poisoning results. Look at essential, as mentioned in the previous section, both the Ministry of education on health are primordial sense; However, Theravada has conservatively, respecting the precepts, respected tradition and attempt all of the value of tradition, should have weighed on the form; We walk out of there radical tendencies, highly intellectual, has the ideal than the emphasis is the regulations inherent in traditions, especially about the rules in organizing the Congregation. The similarities and differences are very subtle and relatively complex, not to say a particular way here, because of the very long line, which only spiritual characteristics profile. Ask for an example: both the Theravada and they each get four tenets as the basis, but not in the four sections of the genus emphasis this doctrine. Theravada then insisted on the Emperor and the Imperial Framework, i.e. the intentional taking of real world at work; They then set Out the meaning of education emphasizes the Emperor and Imperial Administrator Removal, i.e. no view tr ng ideal world ...
In terms of organization, after differentiation, the Theravada and they the formation as the two systems. However, in the sense of the sects are not merely inherited and promoted under the framework of the two systems. The fact is, there the fertilizers they walk Out from faction but the Catholic sense the many similarities with the meaning of the Theravada, and conversely, there are a number of denominational differentiation from Theravada, but redefines education close to them, or the Australian has the fusion faction and then further develop the educational perspective sense very peculiar ... Such is the case of almost all the texts, are mineral fertilizers from the religious sense, but then our Australian much similarity to the Owner; or as the Head of the French Organ, the Chemistry, the Optics are Theravada religious meaning, the majority but close to them out of the ...
For the projection and analysis of the characteristics of the Education Ministry, the researchers were divided into twenty Buddhist studies Ministry dispatched into the system, as they walk out of system, System Owners, independent from the Electronic system, the Economic System and the eclectic system (the sect has the impact of other ministries in addition to the original). In which the system independent from Prince and the Ministry has disseminated a number of very specific doctrines and close with the thought of Buddhism (Mahayana). Typical is the novel "the impossible" organ theory (7) of the death and independent from the theory of "infinite" strains of gonorrhea (8), meaning "win" of the Economy (9).
In General, Buddhist thought during the differentiation of the sect's "rich to the complexity of the theory". Ideological, it contributed to Buddhist thought more plentiful and voluminous, because the Ministry dispatched all efforts to promote, develop some part of Dharma, the difference is only in the cognitive perspective. However, historical documents say about this period then the quite rare. Done so, her sources possible disagreement about dating as well as fertilizers cause, perhaps derived from the limited in concept. The above are the only features on the cause, the process of mineral fertilizers and educational characteristics of the Ministry.
The fair is notable throughout hundreds of years, in the course of mineral fertilizers as well as after the fertilizer, but there are disagreements of opinion but does not happen any riots aimed at suppressing the opposition factions and to demonstrate the Department's prestige. Thus spoke up one of the characteristics of Buddhism is freedom of thought. This expressed very clearly during the Buddhist sect.
On the other hand, once established, the Ministry sent to promote the effort of thought in order to hold his position. The efforts have brought results is the system of literature A Bhikkhu Ðàm (Abhidhamma) was formed, which is the treasure of comment letters and Ownership.
III. Buddhism from the reign of Asoka (Asoka) to the reign of King Ca Nị Sac Ca (Kanishka)
1)-Asoka's role in the spread of Buddhism:
Ashoka (ruled 273-232 before TL, some more than two hundred years after the Buddha's removal) is uniformly India, build the country become all powerful. The King was the leader of applied Buddhist ethics on the way, administrative policies, and at the same time, Asoka is a Buddhist households great leaders in history, especially the history of the spread of Buddhism outside of India.
After the bloody war, despite the glorious victory but the King realizes a critical thing is the source of happiness, the value of human beings are not outside but in ourselves of every individual. From a violent ruler, Ashoka has Buddhist refuge and became a fervent Buddhist households maintain Buddhist, was hailed as historic a British force who in the history of India.
Claiming to be Buddhists, the King has bulbous see Bai relics, and in every important place, the King gave up the head stones to commemorate the Buddha. The head stone and the edicts was carved up after this is a precious archaeological remnants, help us understand more about the Buddha and the history of this period.
Practical value consciousness of Buddhist thought in building society, the country long-term, Ashoka has been actively spread Buddhist thought not only throughout the territory of India, but also outside the country, sent the mission to Greece, Egypt, the water Department in the places of the Mediterranean , Ceylon (Sri Lanka) ... makes the world Buddhism and Buddhism became one of the big ideas, religions of mankind.
One of the mission sent by the King to have the Corps of Prince Mahinda, had brought the classics after the episode in the second aggregation Conference, sponsored by the King and held, to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) to classic then this is the episode here into Pali organ , viewed as a text based tripiṭaka oldest Catholic Saints today.
One thing is to never forget, the reign of Ashoka met at fertilizers can say Buddhism is coming, yet we still do not see the King of intervention on the distinction the Ministry and also didn't see the King have a biased attitude of any faction. A special team to the point that the King encourages people to practice is the middle path, away from the extremists. The King's rule policy is openness, not bias the Buddhist or not Buddhist.
In summary, Buddhism in Asoka's life grow very strong. Buddhism not only be spread everywhere in the territory that also spread to Greece, Egypt, Syria and most of the East Coast's Central email address; the countries belonging to the Kamboja, Aparantaka in northern India; Pulinda, Bhoja, Pitinika, Andhra, Cola, Pandya and Sri Lanka (Tambapanni) in the South of the territory of India.
2)-Buddhism after the reign of Asoka:
After the death of Ashoka (232 years ago about TL), who succeeded much as Brahmin religion and States should no longer Buddhist teacher Na be incentives, for protection. Century II before TL, generals have named Additional Sa Suite Ða usurped the throne and (Pusyamitra) established a new dynasty is Sunga. Pusyamitra was the parish of La grave and has persecuted Buddhism. The next dynasty are believed under the Brahmin religion, Buddhism in central India, where the power of the monarch on the dominant, wane; However, in the region of Northern India and the West Indies, Buddhism continued to grow, there are many high level intelligent du.
This special stage to back a series of Buddhist architecture. In addition to daily police protection was built for Ashoka everywhere to worship Buddha, still retains hallmarks of this era through such towers in the Deer (Deer), Bodh, Ellora, Ajanta (dating to about the century II before TL).
3)-Buddhism in the reign of King Nị (Kanishka) Identity Shifts:
The King of American Nị Sac Ca (Kanishka) who ruled India after Ashoka around three hundred years (the second century after TL). King was the very graves of Buddhism, his for Buddhists are compared with the horizontal near Ashoka.
Kanishka dynasty have very powerful forces, conquered to some territories of the later Han dynasty such as Kashgar, Khotan, Varkand ... Historical records that, in the Ministry, King Kanishka Favorites Property sets.
The lao Buddhist maintenance household of the King is recorded through the initiation, patronage and for carving documented tripiṭaka classics in the Conference finals the fourth episode, as mentioned in the previous section. During the reign, the King has built many Buddhist structures such as the stupa to Buddhist symbolism worship everywhere in the country.
In the thirty year reign of Kanishka, King of the household under the Supreme leadership of the country, Buddhism has grown very strong, not inferior to what Asoka forecast earlier. However, after the reign of King Ca Nị Ca Identity, have supported the dynasty, the dynasty has a ban, so also the ups and downs, as history; but at most could not match the development with far-reaching influence as the reign of Asoka and Nị Identity Ca. Ca King
C. the period of Buddhism (Mahayana)
I-the concept
The word translated Mahayana pinyin is An overpaid, often understood as vehicle (France). This term may appear in about the first century before the TL, but century III after the new TL is clearly defined through the writings of Mr. Nagarjuna (Nagarjuna) with the French stance has no invariant self (emptiness). An excess (Mahayana) also refer to the thought of upper, super high, penetrating Thuy.
The term Mahayana (An excess) that often goes hand in hand with Hinayana (admit) that often distinguish two methods: austerities, just for the sake of freeing individuals (U.s.) and selfless, help people freed at the same time freeing herself (An excess). Buddhist studies researchers have pointed out there is a confusion. Mahayana is the only concept for developing tendencies of thought egolessness into a philosophical system intensive Thuy, perfect, tight.
Here, called "Buddhist development period" is only for the period that the history of thought on flourishing, spread widely and became a prominent ideology of Buddhism, about from the beginning of the III century to the end of the VIII century after the TL.
II-the origins of Buddhist thought Ðại admit (Mahayana)
Say unequivocally that, Buddhist thought Ðại admit there have been since the time of the Buddha. During The Buddhist sect, thought this was relatively unknown in the US and Australian intermingled in the sense of the other factions. Before Mr. Nagarjuna (Nagarjuna) has made the Saints increased the Hong Duong Buddhism Ðại admit as Na (Nagasenna), the first Bhikkhu stilts you That Organic (Vasumitra), code (Asvaghosa) ... mainly in North Indian region.
As already mentioned, once before the third century after TL, i.e. before the era of Mr. Long tho, what vital Australian economy Ministry admit as Uncivil (Prajnàparamita sutra), flower (Gandavỳuha), Ma Had Only (Vimàlakirtinirdèsa sutra), the Shurangama tam I (the Surangama samadhi sutra), the magic of France (Saddharma Pundarika sutra), Lianhua and some texts in the Net an ideology was common most are in the South and East and especially in North India, where the strong influence of them Australian.
However, right up to the time of Mr. Long tho, this new ideology was brilliant growing like never before. This ideology also was soon created the huge influence over the other ideologies, not those in the water which also spread and suitable for many countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Tibet, Vietnam ... right when you enter.
On the aspect doctrine, the thought on nothing other than the development of later and abundantly, the Buddhist doctrine codified primitives; and with the bodhisattva ideal, may said, is a tendency, the method of "socialization" of Buddhism to fit in with the changes of the times.
Now, we will learn the history of Buddhism through the era associated with the conclusions known, typical in this period.
III-Buddhism in his era Long tho
1)-about him Long tho:
It comes to Buddhism (Australian), people often mention his name Long tho, because he is in the caption of the Ministry of fundamental education and systematic and Hong Yang for this very positive thought.
He was born in the early third century after TL, news about seven hundred years after the Buddha's removal, Brahmin descent in South Indian pure intelligence, export them; before Mr. tu according to layman, after Buddhism, the religion literally. He is the author of many essays like the famous Central Australian Consulate Position Max, Cross head Bhikkhu she sa ..., totaling over thirteen Ministries, notes on the Sutra, France United, United is strictly ...
2)-thought of him Long tho:
Due to the profound writings many various fields, the commentary explained the Minister, important thought should He be more sectarian as the United States, Strictly Net, Tam Comment tribe ... as the nest. However, may realize mainstream thought of him as the philosophy of emptiness is presented through the conclusion Consistent Highairtime, to be "all of France is anatta or not. To reach to end the suffering, need proof of moral enlightenment does not . Nirvana is not the names (anatta) ".
After Mr. Long tho, have featured characters as Threads She (Deva)-disciples-and La La La Da Most Awning (Ràhula Bhadra)-student of Mr. Threads.
He Threads she is the South Indian, born about the end of the third century after the TL. He is the man of them, eloquent, often are dispatched every Easter Pagan and the other meaning everywhere. Some sources said, after He had been pagan harm. He Threads She is heir and promote ideas of his master, based on established Central Kiosks conclusion to write the comment in order to build a tight reasoning systems goal is to "break the ties show Chief Justice". Mr Rahu La Da La Canvas will grow around the end of the third century, after the Chinese-Indian, TL, continued his career writing the comment references Consistent Central conclusion, but his works are now lost. Buddhist thought Ðại admit he developed by Long tho widely circulated in southern India, tend to develop on the Middle, have great influence on contemporaries.
IV-Buddhism in the era he Asanga (Asanga) and Avatar (Vasubandhu)
1) – The Minister appeared after Mr Long tho:
After a time he Long tho and before the brothers Asanga and Dear Sir, now has a number of business formation and are relatively widely circulated as the Man with the thought of winning experience As visceral Hybrid (Buddha)-centered; Australian economic Nirvana Bowl presentation about France usually head, all beings are Buddha and the Buddhist theme xiển For Leanne; experience the old Mausoleum (Lankavatara) with sense organ and the Hybrid is as striking A back skin formula; Business Entertainment-intensive with ideas as the basis for the field of consciousness studies.
2)-about him Unconscious before and Avatar:
According to many sources, Loads before and That was brother of another mother's father, was born after Long tho you over a hundred years, news about the end of the IV century after the TL. Avatar is bigger than him him Unconscious Before about twenty years.
Him Unconscious Before ever believe according to the Brahmin religion, after the renunciation by the Owner and then out of Buddhist studies and actively spreading this ideology. Legend, He was listening to The Maitreya bodhisattva (Maitreya) sermon at the Sun you see (Tusit) (?). He wrote many essays, in which two divisions: a, do You recite the word bodhisattva Maitreya; and one, by himself.
Mr. World Body at first also Owned by the Ministry, which leave their mark through the comment Property Statements , general education definition of this Ministry; After you advised, He transferred the research and actively Hong Duong Australian Buddhist thought. He has an extraordinary mind, author of a thousand sets of conclusions, are dubbed as the "natural conclusion", among them the conclusion as the basis of consciousness studies, valued as the work of "classics", as the only official tam gathering, An intelligent comment subjects French encyclopedia legacy , A Bhikkhu to hit Ma Property Statements comment.
Mr. Ridiculous Before losing at the age of seventy-six, did you Like the fuselage then tho to eighty years old. The annotated works of two classics, along with Lord Maitreya, is the conclusion, so important in the history of Buddhism.
3)-Special Envoy of his ideological point Loads before and Avatar:
For him Unconscious before, most of his writings in order to instantiate for thought "who da pratītyasamutpāda" (pratītyasamutpāda), meaning that the France world are not beyond human consciousness that there is, and source for the existence of the French is A form of skin again (the eighth consciousness-Alaya). The conclusion with own counsel, since he is an ad should show head of his thought are also abundant; However, basically, since He studied Buddhist scriptures out of his ideology, then the excess is similar to the stance of Mr Asanga, i.e. also in "pratītyasamutpāda".
The thought caused by the brothers Asanga, the development Body primarily disseminated first in North Indian, tend to be increasingly spread to the South.
V-formation and flourishing of his accomplice Lin Na Da Lan (Nalanda)-Center of Buddhist period of development
1)-the two major Buddhist thought system:
Thought by him and his brothers Long tho him Unconscious before the World Body, developed soon after became the two main ideological system of Buddhism, called Café Central schools and schools of Yogic.
Middle School Cafe in "it's a general comment", by Mr. Long tho initiated, from the South Indian spread gradually southward. After Mr. and Mrs. Threads (Deva) and La La La Da most Awning (Rahula Badhra), from the FOURTH century onwards have the conclusion Professor inherited and promoted as Mr. Thanh (Pingala), Buddha (Buddhapàlita); VI century after the TL has the Lord Advocate Bar (Bhàvaviveka), the Photoelectric Position, Candrakīrti (Candrakirti) ... actively propagate, making this school flourished, have an important place in Buddhism. Starter VII century TL has the Lion, Sir Win, Position. .. continue to spread and xiển Yang thought of Central Consistent conclusion.
In Yogic schools "pratītyasamutpāda", led by the brothers Asanga and Avatar Master treatise initiation, derived from the North Indian and then spread to the South. After a time he Loads before and That approximately two hundred years (news about the following VI century TL, this school appears more talented lawyers comment ranks as he Wins-hull (Bandhusri), Bian (Citrabhàna), The intellectual property (Gunamati), Chen (Dignàga), An intellectual property (Sthiramati) ... Next have Him as French (Dharmapàla), Sage (Silabhadra)-teachers was directly taught school for consciousness-Mr. Xuanzang in Nalanda. Prestige of this school is not inferior to what the school Central.
2)-Australian forestry sulabha Na Da Lan (Nalanda)-intersection, where the essence of Buddhism:
Na Da Lan is a "Buddhist Academy" one in history, is located in the North of the Property of the United Kingdom (Ràjagaha, now Ràjgir), in Central India. Nalanda can be built at the end of the V century after the TL. In his memoir, Mr. Xuanzang wrote that, when set foot in here (first half of the VII century TL) the Da was a great Lan Na his accomplice Lin scale; he literally means pure land (VII century TL) then described Na Da Lan has eight institutes, three hundred rooms, magnificent architecture, magnificent ...
With the special place that, Na Da Lan is the meeting place of the two systems of thought from the North and from the South to the transmission; This became the gathering the increased, prominent Buddhist scholars of the day. Historical records that, here, to the thousands of people who study, research and practice. Selection of regulation on Na Da Lan also very rigorous. Thus, those who study in Na Lan Da, after completing the program, became the prestigious Buddhist studies scholar.
Na Da Lan became a center of Buddhism, especially academically, of India. This is where the quality of training, and is "Forum" dialogue between the Buddhist thought and between Buddhism with other ideas during these hundred years.
VI-Buddhism from the time Mr. Chen Na to him About Sage
1)-Mr. Tran reign Buddhism Na (Dignàgà):
Mr. Chen Na is the South Indian, born at the end of the V century after the TL. He is the person who has the tenacity to all Catholic schools Buddhist meaning. He is the featured work to absorb the essence of logic fields of study from the philosophy of India, converted to the new principle, building the Foundation for the study of Buddhist logic. About thought, He inherited the thought of him Unconscious before and, in the case of "pratītyasamutpāda".
Mr. Chen Na wrote many essays, especially the Human verify logical treatise subjects a, which later disciples is French has written notes at the same time compose to add some additional arguments sets make intelligent (= logical or plot-gích) became an important field of Buddhist studies.
2)-Buddhist era he Qing Bian (Bhavaviveka):
He is heir to the Rhetoric and Stick to promote his ideology Long Mutei. He is the South Indian people, living in the second half of the century VI after the TL. Stick the measures taken not only the essential religious Buddhist significance but also understand the meaning of some Catholic layman, especially Of comment. He has written many essays to unravel more of his ideas Long tho in Central Consistent conclusion.



VII-the formation and flourishing of Church Security
Suite is referred to by "secret Buddhism", consists of two systems: mantra (Mantrayàna), focuses on the argument; and Vajrayana (Vajrayàna), the real emphasis. According to the Buddha School, the researchers thought Suite dates Church primitive Buddhism, manifested through the spells constables in the law and in the Great Duchy. Duration is very long, Suite do not appear. The formation as a system of thought and its flourishing associated with monasteries Vikramasila, VIII century TL, under King Dharmapala, region in East India. The throne of this monastery is the Centre of the Suite.
Education often focuses on security purposes, except for ear Phuoc bridge world rather than perfection of wisdom through the precept and practice meditation.
History of spread featured teacher with Security of Mr. Angel Infinity Lt (Subha Karasimha, 637-735), Diamond (Vajra Bodhi, 671-741), Amoghavajra (705-774, Amoghavajra), Padmasambhava (Padmasambhava, the EIGHTH century), Atisa (Dipankarasrijanàna, XI century) ... Especially as Mr Padmasambhava have spread to Tibetan education and Privacy thought this crashing lush results here today; and, Mr. Atisa, once to Tibet, becoming a translator of classic country. Notably, the proposed Suite is derived from Hindi, but not thrive here, which came when spread out, brilliant development.
VIII-the disaster of the Buddhism to the cruelty of Islam
In 1203, India Muslim army invaded. It aims to establish an Islamic Empire on the Indian territory, the Islamic army has destroyed the entire facility, the spirit of India. Suffer most heavily is Buddhist and Hindi. The Islamic invasion force were treated very harsh with Buddhism. They vandalize pagodas, stupas, monasteries, killed monks, burned the classics ... with intent to overrule Buddhism and indigenous religions in General. This is the most tragic history page of Buddhism, making Buddhism almost absent on the homeland of the Buddha more than half a century.
However, the attempt to destroy their Buddhist can not be performed, by a very long before that, Buddhism had spread out to distant countries outside India, and a flourishing in the place.
It was not until the late NINETEENTH century, means the more than six hundred years after the tragedy on, there is a Buddhist person of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), the famous Buddhist studies researcher Anagarika Dharmapàla, went to India initiated the movement of the Buddhist Chan Hung. Since then, Buddhism was revived, the relics have been restored, many Buddhist Center was built as a place of training for Buddhist studies and religious activities for Buddhists in India as well as from other countries to study, Vedic Astrology tu Bai.

The conclusion

After the Buddha kill speed (*), Buddhism has huge influence to society and increasingly being widely circulated on the region of the territory of India as well as abroad, especially in the era of Asoka (Asoka). The doctrine that the Buddha taught, such as "finger pointing to the Moon", is just a means to go to the food poisoning syndrome in each individual, which is not the rigid dogma, should the disagreement on perception the word Buddha (business, law) is of course.
The period of primitive Buddhism, with the Church increased the elderly include most of the Saints; Besides, during this period, the boundary spread of Buddhism also narrow, only the central belt in the region from East to West of India, relatively intimate ties should not have harsh disagreements happen.
After the Buddha destroyed at about a hundred years, the geographic boundary spread of Buddhism expanded, due to cultural differences along with the changes of social conditions led to strong disagreements in perception lyrics Buddha and Buddhism is broken into many (20) sets. As earlier mentioned, this period, Buddhist situation becomes complicated in the Organization as well as in the interpretation of the Catechism; However, the distinction does nothing more than to adapt to survive, in an ideology, it makes for a rich Buddhist added. Dew point in this period is the great contribution of Ashoka for Buddhists, especially in the Chief publicity career in France and archaeology-history. Thanks to the election of the Union missionary messengers go to distant countries, of which our country may have, that Buddhism has become a religion, the big ideas of mankind; also thanks to the stone construction by the King at the Sanctuary has helped a lot in the dating of the historical Buddha.
From the I century before TL, Buddhist thought Ðại admit (Mahayana) Renaissance and century III after him Long time Tho, TL, flourishing, open up the Buddhist period of development. This period appears many steps conclusion Professor them, especially the formation of the Center for Buddhist studies Na Da Lan in Bihar. Thanks to Na Da Lan should Buddhist studies in this period-perfect development, formed the distinct areas of expertise.
The divergence of Buddhist history into three periods is only relative. For example, during the development of Buddhism, the sect still exists in parallel with the systems of thought and we will of course Australian influence over together.
Look at essential Buddhism, India after the Buddha, there are always variations, downs. This expression is very lively and realistic for Buddhism-a living body which serves as the basic characteristics, including contract law and contract law, so the mobility to adapt is a true factor. Happenings across three periods of Buddhism in India has shown that. However, the core issue is the nature of doctrine unchanged, at seemingly complex fertilizers but just a consistent and continuous process, without disruptions or sudden, deviance.END=NAM MO AMITABHA BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH GIAC TAM.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTENMENT.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN AMITABHA PURELAND=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.20/9/2016.